Zhe Ying

Abstract Introduction: Graves’ disease (GD) represents a typical autoimmune thyroid disease triggered by thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies. Accumulating studies have verified the close correlation between intestinal microecology and GD progression, with Bifidobacterium prominently implicated, yet the specific molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain elusive.

Submitted: 15 December 2025 You are already at the latest version Water supply and drainage networks are essential components of urban infrastructure, directly influencing both residents' quality of life and the efficiency of city operations through their safety and stability. Over time, these networks often develop non-structural turbid water conditions, which present challenges for traditional maintenance methods.

Abstract Skin epithelium can accumulate a high burden of oncogenic mutations without morphological or functional consequences. To investigate the mechanism of oncogenic tolerance, we induced HrasG12V in single murine epidermal cells and followed them long term. We observed that HrasG12V promotes an early and transient clonal expansion driven by increased progenitor renewal that is replaced with an increase in progenitor differentiation leading to reduced growth.