Benhur Lee

Abstract Recognition of foreign RNA is critical for the innate immune response to viruses. Interferon (IFN)-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) 2 and 3 are highly upregulated following viral infection, but mechanistic insight into their antiviral role is lacking. Here we demonstrate that short 5’ untranslated regions (UTRs), a characteristic of many viral mRNAs, can serve as a molecular pattern for innate immune recognition via IFIT2 and IFIT3.

Abstract Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp15 is a viral endoribonuclease (EndoU) with a preference for uridine residues. CoV Nsp15 is an innate immune antagonist which prevents dsRNA sensor recognition and stress granule formation by targeting viral and host RNAs. SARS-CoV-2 restricts and delays the host antiviral innate immune responses through multiple viral proteins, but the role of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15 in innate immune evasion is not completely understood.

Introduction Mumps is a worldwide contagious disease caused by mumsp virus (MuV). MuV is mainly transmitted via the respiratory route. MuV infection results in painful inflammatory symptoms, such as parotitis, orchitis, oophoritis, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis and pancreatitis (1). Besides the typical painfully swollen parotitis in infected males, orchitis is the most common extra-salivary inflammation and an important etiological factor of male infertility (2).