Chiaho Shih

Highlights • CRM1 machinery mediates nuclear export of entire HBV core particles • CRM1 nuclear export signals are found at the spike tip of HBV particles • Encapsidation of HBV pregenomic RNA can be initiated in the nucleus • CRM1 inhibitors can serve as potent antiviral agents against HBV Summary Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global pathogen.

Abstract Background Enterovirus 71 (EV71 or EV-A71) was first identified in California about half a century ago. In recent years, outbreaks of EV-A71 were prevalent worldwide, including Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, Japan, and China. Between 2008 and 2011, China alone reported 1894 deaths associated with EV-A71 infection. In mild cases, EV-A71 can cause herpangina and hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD).

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