1 Introduction As climate impacts intensify, so do debates about how to respond. Coastal areas are on the frontlines of sea level rise and intensifying storm surge (Oppenheimer et al. 2019). Billions of people and trillions of dollars in assets have agglomerated along coastlines (Pörtner, Roberts, Adams, et al. 2022), where proximity to water is both amenity and threat (Bin et al. 2008).