Abstract In November 2024, there was an unusual surge in human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection cases in Beijing. We performed an epidemiological investigation among cases with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI). We enrolled ARTI cases from 35 sentinel hospitals, collected samples and medical records, conducted comprehensive pathogen testing, sequenced target genes or whole genomes, and performed phylogenetic analysis. A total of 79,793 cases were included in this study from 2014 to 2024.