In 1899, the English writer Rudyard Kipling wrote his poem “White Man’s Burden” to urge the United States to create a colony of the Philippines after US victory in the Spanish–American War. Take up the White Man’s burden—Send forth the best ye breed—Go bind your sons to exile—To serve your captives’ need. Kipling believed that European and American Christian powers had a duty—portrayed as a moral burden—to civilize, govern, and uplift non-white peoples.