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Articles by Lu Shen
Atmospheric CH 4 plateau sustained by NO x emission rise and southward shift
Abstract Methane exhibits decadal variability in atmospheric growth rates1. During the 1990s, atmospheric methane growth slowed relative to the 1980s, largely attributed to the stabilization or decline in anthropogenic emissions2,3,4,5,6,7. By contrast, economic expansion in the early 2000s (ref. 8) led to an increase in anthropogenic methane emissions9. The anticipated rise in atmospheric methane concentrations, however, was not detected by global monitoring networks1.
Anaprazole-based versus rabeprazole-based quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial
Abstract Background: To compare the efficacy and safety of a bismuth-containing quadruple therapy comprising the novel proton pump inhibitor (PPI) anaprazole versus the classical PPI rabeprazole, both combined with amoxicillin and furazolidone, for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. Methods: A prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority design was employed. Consecutive treatment-naïve patients positive for H.
Impacts of power plant emissions on air quality amplified by renewable energy droughts
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Abstract Renewable energy droughts, characterized by prolonged periods of low winds and reduced solar irradiance, threaten the stability of electricity supply, with fossil fuel plants expected to cover much of the energy deficit. By integrating an electricity system model with a chemical transport model, here we quantify the effects of fossil fuel plant emissions on China’s air quality in the 2050s during renewable energy droughts.
By Lu Shen, Tianguang Lu, Mingwei Li, Meng Qu, Chris Nielsen, Xi Lu, Michael McElroy Verified, Fengwei Wan
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Nature
Verified
Association between venous excess ultrasound score and major adverse kidney events at 30 days in critically ill elderly patients: a multicenter prospective cohort study
Abstract Background: Venous congestion is common in critically ill patients and is associated with adverse outcomes, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Elderly patients may be especially susceptible to congestion-related organ dysfunction due to reduced cardiovascular compliance and limited cardiorenal reserve. The venous excess ultrasound (VExUS) score provides a noninvasive bedside assessment of systemic venous congestion.
Tegoprazan-based dual therapy versus bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a prospective, multicenter, open-label, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial
Abstract Background Current standard therapies for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are limited by side effects and antibiotic resistance. Evidence suggests that high-dose amoxicillin dual therapy with a proton pump inhibitor offers comparable efficacy with an improved safety profile. Methods This trial substituted the novel acid blocker tegoprazan for a proton pump inhibitor in the dual therapy regimen. We enrolled 400 patients with confirmed H.
The ipsilesional DTI-ALPS index provides modest incremental prognostic value beyond clinical models for 90-day outcome in patients with acute MCA occlusion treated with intravenous thrombolysis: a prospective exploratory cohort study
Abstract Background and purpose: Impaired perivascular fluid dynamics may contribute to secondary brain injury after acute ischemic stroke, yet its prognostic relevance remains uncertain.
Dual-target gene therapy in Parkinson’s disease: a multicenter phase 1 trial
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Abstract Restoring striatal dopamine synthesis is a promising gene therapy strategy for Parkinson’s disease. Previous adeno-associated virus-mediated aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) monotherapies remain dependent on exogenous levodopa, whereas multigene delivery is constrained by strict adeno-associated virus packaging limits. A ‘dual approach’ targeting the two rate-limiting enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and AADC, offers the potential for autonomous dopamine synthesis.
By Mengyue Niu, Jifeng Guo, Yuchao Yang, qian Xu, Haiyan Zhou, Pingchen Zhang, Yuanyuan Li, Ningyuan Wang, Chunyi Wang, Dianyou Li, Zhengyu Lin, Peng Huang, Zhiquan Yang, Yanyan Song, Jing Zheng, Wei Jiang, Zengmin Du, Huirong Peng, Yuyan Tan, Xintian Hu, Xiao Xiao, Lu Shen, Jiaji Lin, Jun Liu, Ningdi Luo, Zhuanyi Yang, Yuanxin Qi
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Nature
Verified
Evaluation of Changes in Peri-Pelvic Musculature in Ankylosing Spondylitis Using mDixon-Quant and T2 Mapping
Abbreviations AS (ankylosing spondylitis) ASAS (Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society) ASDAS (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score) ax (axial) axSpA (axial spondyloarthritis) BASDAI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index) BMI (body mass index) cor (coronal) CRP (C-reactive protein) CT (computed tomography) DD (disease duration) ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) FF (fat fraction) FOV (field of view) Gmax (gluteus maximus) Gmed (gluteus medius) Gmin...
The genetic spectrum of LRRK2 variants in Parkinson’s disease: findings from a large Chinese cohort
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Abstract The pathogenicity of variants of uncertain significance in the LRRK2 gene remains underexplored. Investigating the LRRK2 variant spectrum in a large Chinese population cohort can provide deeper insights into its pathogenic mechanisms. This study examined the LRRK2 gene variants in 20,519 Chinese individuals, including 7,562 Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, 3,077 Essential tremor (ET) patients, and 9880 healthy controls.
By Juan Wan, Hongxu Pan, Dong Eui Chang, Yuwen Zhao, qian Xu, Qiying Sun, Xuewei Zhang, Runcheng He, Chunyu Wang, Hainan Zhang, Lifang Lei, Yuzheng Wang, Mingqiang Li, Heng Wu, Jinghong Ma, Yiwen Wu, Yan Xu, Nian Xiong, Tao Wang, Xuejing Wang, Ling Chen, Yanming Xu, Hongmei Cao, Kezhong Zhang, Weiguo Liu, Yuhu Zhang, Chengjie Mao, Qing Wang, Zheng Xue, Zhentao Zhang, Oumei Cheng, Wei Huang, Guohua Zhao, Guiyun Cui, Tao Chen, Puqing Wang, Wei Di, Hong liu, Houfeng Zheng, Chao Chen, Hui Guo, Kun Xia, Zhuohua Zhang, Kai Yuan, Jinchen Li, Junling Wang, Jifeng Guo, Lu Shen, Hong Jiang, Chunfeng Liu, Jun Liu, Piu Chan, Zhenhua Liu, Beisha Tang, Parkinson’s Disease, Lingyan Yao
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Nature
Verified
Neuronal PPP2R5C in plasma is a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease
Results To explore the specific early diagnostic markers of AD in neurons, we isolated NDEs from plasma in cohort 1. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) images showed the morphology of NDEs (Figure 1A), and the particle size of TEM matched with the nanoparticle tracking analysis, displaying the size of NDEs to be distributed mainly between 70 and 150 nm (Figure 1B).
Combined proteomics and metabolomics analyses revealed molecular signatures associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy - Scientific Reports
Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes with its exact underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of key proteins and metabolites on the development of DR. Undiluted vitreous fluid samples were collected from eight patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and six non-diabetic idiopathic macular hole (iMH) controls.
Precise excision of expanded GGC repeats in NOTCH2NLC via CRISPR/Cas9 for treating neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease - Nature Communications
Abstract Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease caused by expanded GGC repeats in the 5’ untranslated region of the human-specific NOTCH2NLC gene. The high sequence similarity between NOTCH2NLC and its paralogs poses a significant challenge for precise gene editing.
Association between urea-to-creatinine ratio trajectories and clinical outcomes in chronic critical illness patients: a retrospective cohort study
Abstract Background: Chronic critical illness (CCI) is characterized by persistent organ dysfunction and profound catabolism, yet reliable biomarkers to monitor catabolic burden are lacking. The urea-to-creatinine ratio (UCR) has been proposed as a biochemical signature of critical illness-associated catabolism. This study aimed to identify longitudinal UCR trajectory patterns in CCI patients and to evaluate their association with mortality.
Efficacy and safety of biologics in erythrodermic psoriasis: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis
1 Introduction Erythrodermic psoriasis (EP) is a rare and severe inflammatory skin disease (1). Clinical manifestations include generalized diffuse erythema affecting more than 75% of the body surface area(BSA) (2), accompanied by extensive desquamation involving nearly all exposed skin (3). Systemic symptoms like fever, lymphadenopathy, and electrolyte imbalances are common (4).
Pathological Fracture in the Metatarsal Bone Due to an Intraosseous Schwannoma: A Case Report
Specialty Please choose I'm not a medical professional. Allergy and Immunology Anatomy Anesthesiology Biostatistics Cardiac/Thoracic/Vascular Surgery Cardiology Critical Care Dentistry Dermatology Diabetes and Endocrinology Emergency Medicine Epidemiology and Public Health Family Medicine Forensic Medicine Gastroenterology General Practice Genetics Geriatrics Health Policy Hematology HIV/AIDS Hospital-based Medicine I'm not a medical professional.
Frontiers | Research on landslide ecological vulnerability assessment in alpine valley region considering spatial heterogeneity and feature optimization: a case study of Luding County
1 Introduction Western Sichuan is located on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. This region features highly complex topographic and geological conditions, characterized by steep terrain, high seismic intensity, and a fragile geological environment, resulting in frequent landslide disasters. As a highly hazardous natural phenomenon, landslides pose significant threats to ecological systems, social stability, and human survival (Guzzetti et al., 2018).
Extended enriched gas in a multi-galaxy merger at redshift 6.7 - Nature Astronomy
Abstract Recent JWST observations have uncovered high-redshift galaxies characterized by multiple star-forming clumps, many of which appear to be undergoing mergers. Such mergers, especially those of two galaxies with equivalent masses, play a critical role in driving galaxy evolution and regulating the chemical composition of their environments.
Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymer Bearing a Functional Ligand-Supported Iridium Complex: A Recyclable Metal-Polymer Ligand Bifunctional Catalyst for the N-Trideuteromethylation of Amines with Deuterated Methanol | Organic Letters
Organic Letters Cite this: Org. Lett. 2025, XXXX, XXX Click to copy citationCitation copied! Learn about these metrics Article Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days. Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily.
Sleep Aid Effect and Mechanism of Semen Zizyphi Spinosae Extract Enriched With Jujuboside and Jujubogenin in Sleep‐Deprived Zebrafish
JuA Jujuboside A JuB Jujuboside B SZSP Semen Zizyphi Spinosae Powder SZSPE Extract of SZSP SZSPE.βG SZSPE Treated by β- Glucosidase 1 Introduction Insomnia is a complex physico-psychological condition that results from various factors, including environmental changes and physical or mental illnesses (Liu et al. 2019).
Trends in the seasonal amplitude of atmospheric methane - Nature
Abstract Methane is an important greenhouse gas1 and its atmospheric concentration has almost tripled since pre-industrial times2,3,4. Atmospheric methane mixing ratios vary seasonally, with the seasonal cycle amplitude (SCA) having decreased in northern high latitudes and increased in the subtropics and tropics since the 1980s5,6. These opposing SCA trends can help understanding of long-term changes in the global methane budget, as methane emissions and sinks have opposing effects on the SCA5.
Assessment of the Anti-inflammatory Efficacy and Therapeutic Timelines
Back to Journals » Journal of Inflammation Research » Volume 18 Authors Shen L, Chen X, Zhang T Received 4 May 2025 Accepted for publication 31 July 2025 Published 29 August 2025 Volume 2025:18 Pages 11925—11934 DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S534657 Checked for plagiarism Yes Review by Single anonymous peer review Peer reviewer comments 2 Editor who approved publication: Professor Ning Quan Lu Shen,* Xingyue Chen,* Ting Zhang Department of Stomatology, The General Hospital of...
Tunable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Property of Janus SWSe Monolayer Using Defect and Strain Engineering
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Fabrication of Lightweight Polyimide Aerogels With Excellent Mechanical and Thermal Properties by Changing the Dianhydride Structures
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Supporting Information Filename Description app56823-sup-0001-Supinfo.docxWord 2007 document , 2.8 MB Figure S1. The optimized DFT structure of different dianhydrides. Figure S2. Calculated angles of repeating units in PI aerogels with different dianhydride structures. Figure S3. MPP and SDP values of different dianhydrides (atoms were colored according to the distance value). Figure S4.
City Digitalization and Corporate Financial Fraud: An Information Asymmetry Perspective
INTRODUCTION Corporate financial fraud, defined as actions by corporate executives to deceive or swindle investors or other key stakeholders (Neville et al., 2019; Zahra et al., 2005), is an agency problem arising from information asymmetry between executives and external stakeholders (Ndofor et al., 2015).
Reducing air pollution could increase methane emissions from wetlands - here’s what needs to be done Original
What if well-meaning policies that reduce one atmospheric pollutant could also increase natural emissions of powerful greenhouse gases? Our findings, just published in the journal Science Advances, advance an earlier discovery of one such unfortunate interaction. This means that we need to work much harder than we thought to stay within the safe climate limits of the Paris agreement. The atmospheric pollutant in question is sulphur.
Quantum control of ion-atom collisions beyond the ultracold regime
Abstract Tunable scattering resonances are crucial for controlling atomic and molecular systems. However, their use has so far been limited to ultracold temperatures. These conditions remain hard to achieve for most hybrid trapped ion-atom systems—a prospective platform for quantum technologies and fundamental research. Here, we measure inelastic collision probabilities for Sr+ + Rb and use them to calibrate a comprehensive theoretical model of ion-atom collisions.
Mortality drives production dynamics of Atlantic cod through 1100 years of commercial fishing
Abstract Most edible fish species have been fished for centuries or millennia, leaving little record or understanding of their population responses prior to human impact and thus no baseline for population conservation. Here, we reconstruct the population dynamics of Atlantic cod, one of the world’s most harvested fish species, from the pristine state during the Viking era through more than 1100 years of fishing.
Language-like efficiency in whale communication
Abstract Vocal communication systems in humans and other animals experience selection for efficiency—optimizing the benefits they convey relative to the costs of producing them. Two hallmarks of efficiency, Menzerath’s law and Zipf’s law of abbreviation, predict that longer sequences will consist of shorter elements and more frequent elements will be shorter, respectively.
Electronic commensuration of a spin moiré superlattice in a layered magnetic semimetal
Abstract Spin moiré superlattices (SMSs) have been proposed as a magnetic analog of crystallographic moiré systems and a source of electron minibands offering vector-field moiré tunability and Berry curvature effects. However, it has proven challenging to realize an SMS in which a large exchange coupling J is transmitted between conduction electrons and localized spins.
Artificial intelligence using a latent diffusion model enables the generation of diverse and potent antimicrobial peptides
Abstract Artificial intelligence holds great promise for the design of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs); however, current models face limitations in generating AMPs with sufficient novelty and diversity, and they are rarely applied to the generation of antifungal peptides.
A biological model of nonlinear dimensionality reduction
Abstract Obtaining appropriate low-dimensional representations from high-dimensional sensory inputs in an unsupervised manner is essential for straightforward downstream processing. Although nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods such as t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) have been developed, their implementation in simple biological circuits remains unclear.
Emergent complexity of quantum rotation tunneling
Abstract Conformational isomerism determines the performance of materials and the activity of biomolecules. However, a complete dynamic study of conformational isomerization is still a formidable challenge at the single-molecule level. In this work, we present real-time in situ electrical monitoring of the full rotation dynamics of a single aromatic chain covalently embedded in graphene electrodes with single-event resolution.
Abstract This article presents a direct molecular simulation (DMS) of a reactive Mach 8.2 oxygen flow over a double cone geometry. The free stream conditions and article configuration generate a flow with thermal and chemical nonequilibrium, which are common attributes of hypersonic flight. This scenario was first studied experimentally at Calspan University of Buffalo Research Center’s test facility.
Dynamics of influenza transmission in vampire bats revealed by longitudinal monitoring and a large-scale anthropogenic perturbation
Abstract Interrupting pathogen transmission between species is a priority strategy to mitigate zoonotic threats. However, avoiding counterproductive interventions requires knowing animal reservoirs of infection and the dynamics of transmission within them, neither of which are easily ascertained from the cross-sectional surveys that now dominate investigations into newly discovered viruses.
Supply-side relief for the world’s largest coral reef
Abstract Zoning to prevent fishing on 30% of the Great Barrier Reef yields 50% more larvae and biomass of coral grouper on fished reefs. SIGN UP FOR THE AWARD-WINNING SCIENCEADVISER NEWSLETTER The latest news, commentary, and research, free to your inbox daily As concerns grow over ecosystem declines, the focus on solutions has intensified. Groups such as the International Union for the Conservation of Nature have advocated protecting 30% of Earth’s ecosystems by the year 2030.
Enrichment of moderately volatile elements in first-generation planetesimals of the inner Solar System
Abstract The depletion of moderately volatile elements (MVEs) in terrestrial planets remains poorly understood, with explanations including partial nebular condensation and MVE loss during planetesimal differentiation or collisions. In this study, we use magmatic iron meteorites to reconstruct the MVE inventory of the earliest inner [noncarbonaceous (NC)] and outer [carbonaceous (CC)] Solar System planetesimals.
Titan’s spin state as a constraint on tidal dissipation
Abstract Tidal dissipation in satellites affects their orbital and rotational evolution and their ability to maintain subsurface oceans.
A microcomb-empowered Fourier domain mode-locked LIDAR
Abstract Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) has emerged as an indispensable tool in autonomous technology. Among its various techniques, frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) LIDAR stands out due to its capability to operate with ultralow return power, immunity to unwanted light, and simultaneous acquisition of distance and velocity.
Abstract Cells sense and integrate multiple signals to coordinate a response. A receptor-kinase signaling pathway for plant stomatal development shares components with the immunity pathway. The mechanism ensuring their signal specificities remains unclear. Using chemical genetics, here, we report the identification of a small molecule, kC9, that triggers excessive stomatal differentiation by inhibiting the canonical ERECTA pathway.
Arabidopsis KNL1 recruits type one protein phosphatase to kinetochores to silence the spindle assembly checkpoint
Abstract Proper chromosome segregation during cell division is essential for genomic integrity and organismal development. This process is monitored by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which delays anaphase onset until all chromosomes are properly attached to the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore protein KNL1 plays a critical role in recruiting SAC proteins.
Self-assembling peptide with dual function of cell penetration and antibacterial as a nano weapon to combat intracellular bacteria
Abstract Intracellular bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance are threatening global public health systems. Antimicrobial peptides are a potential solution to combat bacterial resistance, but the design of self-assembled nanopeptides with dual functions of cell penetration and antibacterial properties to combat intracellular bacteria remains a challenge.
Abstract Transplantation of beneficial bacteria to specific microbiota has been widely exploited to treat diseases by reshaping a healthy microbial structure. However, direct exposure of exogenous bacteria in vivo suffers from low bioavailability and infection risk. Here, we describe a noncontact microbiota transplantation system (NMTS) by core-shell microgel-enabled nonleakage envelopment.
The large role of declining atmospheric sulfate deposition and rising CO2 concentrations in stimulating future wetland CH4 emissions
Abstract Existing projections of wetland methane emissions usually neglect feedbacks from global biogeochemical cycles. Using data-driven approaches, we estimate wetland methane emissions from 2000 to 2100, considering effects of meteorological changes and biogeochemical feedbacks from atmospheric sulfate deposition and CO2 fertilization.
Bio-plausible reconfigurable spiking neuron for neuromorphic computing
Abstract Biological neurons use diverse temporal expressions of spikes to achieve efficient communication and modulation of neural activities. Nonetheless, existing neuromorphic computing systems mainly use simplified neuron models with limited spiking behaviors due to high cost of emulating these biological spike patterns.
Electric plasma guided with ultrasonic fields
Abstract Electric plasma forms sparks in midair that transfer electrical current. This current can power high-voltage electronics, kill bacteria, produce tactile sensations, or be used for welding. However, the formation of the spark is chaotic and hard to control. Laser pulses can guide discharges but require high power and are disruptive and cumbersome to control. Here, we show that ultrasonic fields can guide plasma sparks, even around obstacles.
Evolution in changing seas: The loss of plasticity under predator invasion and warming oceans
Abstract The impact of invasive predators during the early stages of invasion is often variable in space and time. Such variation is expected to initially favor plasticity in prey defenses, but fixed defenses as invaders become established. Coincident with the range expansion of an invasive predatory crab in the Gulf of Maine, we document rapid changes in shell thickness—a key defense against shell crushing predators—of an intertidal snail.
Trichome development of systemic developing leaves is regulated by a nutrient sensor-relay mechanism within mature leaves
Abstract Trichome initiation and development is regulated by a diverse range of environmental signals. However, how leaf carbohydrate status determines the trichome initiation and development of systemic developing leaves remains unclear. Here, we found that a specific organ (such as a mature leaf) could function as a nutrient sensor, subsequently promoting or suppressing nonautonomous regulation of trichome initiation and development in response to alternations in nutrient levels.
Reducing microglial lipid load enhances β amyloid phagocytosis in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Abstract Macrophages accumulate lipid droplets (LDs) under stress and inflammatory conditions. Despite the presence of LD-loaded macrophages in many tissues, including the brain, their contribution to neurodegenerative disorders remains elusive. This study investigated the role of lipid metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by assessing the contribution of LD-loaded brain macrophages, including microglia and border-associated macrophages (BAMs), in an AD mouse model.
A detailed theory of thalamic and cortical microcircuits for predictive visual inference
Abstract Understanding cortical microcircuitry requires theoretical models that can tease apart their computational logic from biological details. Although Bayesian inference serves as an abstract framework of cortical computation, precisely mapping concrete instantiations of computational models to biology under real-world tasks is necessary to produce falsifiable neural models.
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