This version is not peer-reviewed. Soleman Imbiri *,Raufdeen Rameezdeen,Nicholas Chileshe,Larissa Statsenko Soleman Imbiri *,Raufdeen Rameezdeen,Nicholas Chileshe,Larissa Statsenko Submitted: 14 October 2025 You are already at the latest version The risks within the palm oil supply chain (SC) are influenced by conflicts of interest across ecological, economic, and social dimensions worldwide.