1 INTRODUCTION Biodiversity loss is a global, human-induced crisis characterized by accelerated rates of population decline and extinction across a wide range of species (Ceballos et al., 2017; Rosenberg et al., 2019; Singh, 2002). Large carnivores face a particularly high risk of extinction due to their small populations, large area requirements, and dependence on relatively intact ecosystems that support sufficient prey (Purvis et al., 2000).