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Articles by Social Sciences
Parenting Matters: Supporting Parents of Children Ages 0-8
Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the family—which includes all primary caregivers—are at the foundation of children’s well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them.
Medical Informatics and the “Three Long, One Short” Problem of Large Urban Hospitals in China
The American Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The AMA designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM per course. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Americans want a say in what happens to their donated blood and tissue in biobanks
The last time you went to a hospital, you probably had to fill out forms listing the medications you are taking and updating your emergency contacts. You also might have been asked a question about what is to be done with “excess tissues or specimens” that may be removed during diagnosis or treatment. Are you willing to donate these leftover bits of yourself (stripped of your name, of course) for medical research?
Labor has cause for hope - and some concern - in this election loss
With a swing of just over 3%, the Labor Party has come closer to winning the 2016 election than it had any right to expect when ejected from office in September 2013. It has come closer to winning than it could seriously have hoped when Malcolm Turnbull replaced Tony Abbott two years later.
Coalition scrapes through but Turnbull needs to alter course
The Coalition has – finally – fallen over the line and will form government following the 2016 election, though it is still unclear whether it has secured a majority in its own right. The challenges Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull now faces are formidable. Although first-term governments often suffer a swing against them, the closeness of the result means the Coalition needs to reflect on what went wrong during its first term in office.
The Significance of Hedonic Values for Environmentally Relevant Attitudes, Preferences, and Actions
This article aimed to demonstrate that hedonic values are important for understanding environmentally relevant beliefs, preferences, and actions, next to egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric values.
Effects of Suboptimally Presented Erotic Pictures on Moral Judgments: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
Citation: Olivera-La Rosa A, Corradi G, Villacampa J, Martí-Vilar M, Arango OE, Rosselló J (2016) Effects of Suboptimally Presented Erotic Pictures on Moral Judgments: A Cross-Cultural Comparison. PLoS ONE 11(7): e0158690. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158690 Copyright: © 2016 Olivera-La Rosa et al.
What’s the 'ethnic vote' going to do in Australia's top-ten ethnic marginal seats?
Most heavily ethnic seats – those with a large proportion of voters born in non-English-speaking countries, identifying non-British ethnic heritage, or speaking a language other than English at home – are either safe Labor or Liberal. So, the results in those seats won’t change much in the House of Representatives.
does Australia's 'most exploitative reality show' breach broadcasting rules?
The Briefcase premiered on Channel Nine last week, to immediate controversy. Criticised for leading participants to believe they would feature in a program on financial hardship, it has been called “Australia’s most exploitative reality show”. As it comes soon after the 60 Minutes child abduction case, aired on the same network, it’s worth asking whether there are any broadcasting rules that address these concerns about deception, manipulation and exploiting vulnerable people.
Hyperglycemic Conditions Prime Cells for RIP1-dependent Necroptosis
Necroptosis is a RIP1-dependent programmed cell death (PCD) pathway that is distinct from apoptosis. Downstream effector pathways of necroptosis include formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), both of which depend on glycolysis. This suggests that increased cellular glucose may prime necroptosis. Here we show that exposure to hyperglycemic levels of glucose enhances necroptosis in primary red blood cells (RBCs), Jurkat T cells, and U937 monocytes.
U of T Mississauga professor discovers new origins for farmed rice
Chew on this: rice farming is a far older practice than we knew. In fact, the oldest evidence of domesticated rice has just been found in China, and it's about 9,000 years old. The discovery, made by a team of archaeologists that includes University of Toronto Mississauga professor Gary Crawford, sheds new light on the origins of rice domestication and on the history of human agricultural practices.
Cytotoxicity of Cyanoacrylate-Based Tissue Adhesives and Short-Term Preclinical In Vivo Biocompatibility in Abdominal Hernia Repair
Cyanoacrylate(CA)-based tissue adhesives, although not widely used, are a feasible option to fix a mesh during abdominal hernia repair, due to its fast action and great bond strength. Their main disadvantage, toxicity, can be mitigated by increasing the length of their alkyl chain.
Politicians' inability to speak freely on issues that matter leaves democracy all the poorer
There is a strange paradox at the heart of modern Australian politics. We want our politicians to engage in reasoned debate, to exercise judgement, to be other than cogs in a machine. We love it when they say things on Q&A that suggest irreverence about the party line. We treat the occasional parliamentary debate in which a “free” or “conscience” vote is allowed by the parties as superior to the usual shouting at ten paces.
Characterizing Early Childhood Disabilities in a Nationally Representative Sample Using Functional Profiles
The present study combined a functional abilities approach to characterizing childhood disability with person-oriented analytic techniques to identify and describe functional profiles of young children with disabilities. Nationally representative data from the Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study was used, which included nearly 3,000 preschool children with disabilities.
Using less energy: why do we say one thing but do another?
When it comes to the environment, it’s hardly unusual for us to say one thing and do another. We may profess, when asked, that we care about recycling, pollution, climate change or wasting energy. We may have access to plenty of information about the environmental consequences of our actions. Yet often we fail to change how we act. Social science has for many years been interested in this phenomenon, which researchers have called the “value-action gap”.
Human Lesion Studies in the 21st Century
The study of patients with brain lesions has made major historical contributions to cognitive neuroscience. Here I argue for an increased investment in modern lesion mapping, complementing fMRI studies and laying the conceptual and analytic foundations for future techniques that could experimentally manipulate human brain function.
Australian Christian Lobby: the rise and fall of the religious right
We see their spokespeople quoted in the papers and their ads on TV, but beyond that we know very little about how Australia’s lobby groups get what they want. This series shines a light on the strategies, political alignment and policy platforms of ten lobby groups this election campaign. The Australian Christian Lobby (ACL) was formed in 1995 and rose to great heights after the 2004 federal election when John Howard was re-elected with an increased majority and Family First won a Senate seat.
Stanford University statement on efforts to foster responsibility around alcohol use
Stanford has devoted significant attention to fostering a culture of responsibility and accountability around alcohol use. It is an ongoing effort, as it is on many university campuses. The university has a dedicated office, the Office of Alcohol Policy and Education, responsible for providing education and ongoing programming on alcohol use.
Orbitofrontal Cortex Value Signals Depend on Fixation Location during Free Viewing
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Iron Supplementation Affects Hematologic Biomarker Concentrations and Pregnancy Outcomes among Iron-Deficient Tanzanian Women
Background: Iron deficiency is a highly prevalent micronutrient abnormality and the most common cause of anemia globally, worsening the burden of adverse pregnancy and child outcomes. Objective: We sought to evaluate the response of hematologic biomarkers to iron supplementation and to examine the predictors of the response to iron supplementation among iron-deficient pregnant women.
The scandal of 60 Minutes: no broadcasting standards, no investigation
Last week, a small group of people held a protest outside Channel Nine in Sydney. They were objecting to the network’s treatment of Adam Whittington, the Australian man whose company “recovered” Sally Faulkner’s children on the streets of Beirut. It’s clear there is a high level of concern within the community. Some concerns relate to Nine’s treatment of Whittington and his colleagues, who remain imprisoned in Lebanon.
Accomplice to Mass Atrocities: The International Community and Indonesia’s Invasion of East Timor
Accomplice to Mass Atrocities: The International Community and Indonesia’s Invasion of East Timor This paper examines early warning of, and political responses to, mass atrocities in East Timor in the late 1970s. Using newly-declassified intelligence and diplomatic records, it describes Indonesia’s invasion of East Timor in 1975 and its three year military campaign to crush the East Timorese resistance.
Modernizing Crime Statistics: Report 1: Defining and Classifying Crime
To derive statistics about crime – to estimate its levels and trends, assess its costs to and impacts on society, and inform law enforcement approaches to prevent it – a conceptual framework for defining and thinking about crime is virtually a prerequisite. Developing and maintaining such a framework is no easy task, because the mechanics of crime are ever evolving and shifting: tied to shifts and development in technology, society, and legislation.
Ken Oye and the art of sociotechnical problem-solving
As MIT works to advance solutions for global challenges in the realms of innovation, education, planetary environment, and human health, MIT’s School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences (SHASS) has tapped key scholars and researchers to provide insight into meeting these challenges from a wide range of disciplinary perspectives.
A qualitative exploration of health workers’ and clients’ perceptions of barriers to completing four antenatal care visits in Morogoro Region, Tanzania
Antenatal care (ANC) remains an important contact point on the continuum of care for mothers and children in low- and middle-income countries. In Tanzania, the proportion of pregnant women completing at least four ANC visits (ANC-4) dropped from 70% to 43% between 1999 and 2010.
Associations between Forced Sexual Initiation, HIV Status, Sexual Risk Behavior, Life Stressors, and Coping Strategies among Adolescents in Nigeria
Some individuals experience their first sexual intercourse through physically forced sex, which affects the way they experience and cope with stress. We examined differences in sexual risk behavior, experience of stressors, and use of stress-coping strategies among adolescents in Nigeria based on their history of forced sexual initiation and HIV status. We analyzed data from 436 sexually active 10–19-year-old adolescents recruited through a population-based survey from 12 Nigerian states.
She's the Man: A Drag Queen Performance by Miss Shuga Cain
She's the Man: A Drag Queen Performance by Miss Shuga Cain Sponsored by The de Florez Fund for Humor "She's a little wisp of love!" as one drag queen put it. Hailing from New York City, and winner of NYC's Ultimate Drag Off, Miss Shuga Cain arrives at MIT in all her extravagant glory.
Study: Medicare Part D boosts medication adherence, reduces blood pressure risk
New research from North Carolina State University shows that implementation of Medicare Part D has increased the number of people taking their prescribed medications as directed - so-called "medication adherence" - and reduced the likelihood that newly covered beneficiaries develop high blood pressure.
Liberal divisions can be a source of strength, not weakness, in the election campaign
Labor leader Bill Shorten on Sunday made a bold prediction regarding what will happen after the election on July 2: The decline in Malcolm Turnbull’s popularity since he became prime minister and the increasingly explicit critiques of his leadership by some conservatives have raised the question of whether the Liberal Party has a unifying ideology. Do the divisions within the party reflect differences of personality and tactical emphasis, as with the Labor Party?
Self-Perceived Barriers to Eye Care in a Hard-to-Reach Population: The Karachi Marine Fishing Communities Eye and General Health Survey
Purpose.: We examined self-reported barriers to eye care among marginalized, hard-to-reach fishing communities in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods.: The Karachi Marine Fishing Communities Eye and General Health Survey was a cross-sectional survey conducted between March 2009 and April 2010 in fishing communities in Keamari, Karachi, located on the coast of the Arabian Sea.
Lessons from history in how to run a good election campaign - or how to avoid a really bad one
Federal elections are fecund sources of lessons for the political class. From 1993 they learned not to make a big target of yourself as an opposition party. The Coalition’s Fightback! gave Paul Keating hundreds of pages to work with. It helped produce an iconic moment when Liberal leader John Hewson was unable to explain to television interviewer Mike Willesee how the proposed Goods and Services Tax would affect the price of a birthday cake. Hewson never recovered.
The impact of delays on maternal and neonatal outcomes in Ugandan public health facilities: the role of absenteeism
Maternal mortality in low- and middle-income countries continues to remain high. The Ugandan Ministry of Health’s Strategic Plan suggests that little, if any, progress has been made in Uganda in terms of improvements in Maternal Health [Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5] and, more specifically, in reducing maternal mortality. Furthermore, the UNDP report on the MDGs describes Uganda’s progress as ‘stagnant’.
Communication of Recurrence Risk Estimates to Patients Diagnosed With Breast Cancer
The American Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The AMA designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM per course. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Old and New Media Logics in an Electoral Campaign
In Spain, the 2014 European Elections saw the unexpected rise of a new party Podemos, which obtained five European Parliament seats only three months after its formation. In the Spanish National Elections in December 2015, this party obtained 20.66 percent of the votes, which made it the third biggest party. Our objective was to analyze the old and new elements of Podemos’ communication and campaign strategies.
Analyzing Personal Happiness from Global Survey and Weather Data: A Geospatial Approach
Citation: Peng Y-F, Tang J-H, Fu Y-c, Fan I-c, Hor M-K, Chan T-C (2016) Analyzing Personal Happiness from Global Survey and Weather Data: A Geospatial Approach. PLoS ONE 11(4): e0153638. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153638 Copyright: © 2016 Peng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Comment on “Measuring the Performance of Nations at Beijing Summer Olympics Using Integer-Valued DEA Model”
Comment on “Measuring the Performance of Nations at Beijing Summer Olympics Using Integer-Valued DEA Model” Yang Wang1 Kazuhiko Kakamu2⇑ 1Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan 2Faculty of Law and Economics, Chiba university, Chiba, Japan Kazuhiko Kakamu, Faculty of Law and Economics, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan. Email: kakamu{at}le.chiba-u.ac.jp Abstract We correct the results by Wu et al. Although Wu et al.
Advancing the Power of Economic Evidence to Inform Investments in Children, Youth, and Families
Eugene Steuerle and Leigh Miles Jackson, Editors; Committee on the Use of Economic Evidence to Inform Investments in Children, Youth, and Families; Board on Children, Youth, and Families Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education ; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine In recent years, the U.S. federal government has invested approximately $463 billion annually in interventions that affect the overall health and well-being of children and youth, while state...
The Structure of Human Prosociality
Prosocial behavior is crucial for functioning societies. However, its reliable scientific assessment and the understanding of its underlying structure are still a challenge.
MIT INSPIRE 2016 Closing Ceremony
MIT INSPIRE is the nation's first high school research competition in the arts, humanities, and social sciences. Key speakers at the closing ceremony include Dean Melissa Nobles, Prof. Sandy Pentland and distinguished panelists chaired by Dr. Lawrence Bacow. Awards will be presented to high school student winners.
MIT INSPIRE 2016 Public Viewing of Projects
MIT INSPIRE is the nation's first high school research competition in the arts, humanities, and social sciences. Come and meet the high school student Finalists, hear about their cool research projects and vote on your favorite project to receive the INSPIRE 2016 Lincoln Award.
MIT INSPIRE 2016 Opening Ceremony
MIT INSPIRE is the nation's first high school research competition in the arts, humanities, and social sciences. Key speakers at the opening ceremony include Chancellor Cynthia Barnhart and Prof. Eran Egozy. Sponsor(s): MIT Libraries, MIT INSPIRE, School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Arts at MIT, CAMIT, CSF This event is categorized as: lectures/conferences, humanities/social sciences, arts/music/film Add to my calendar (in beta) What is iCalendar?
Xi's Czech visit bridges new chapter for "New Silk Road"
By Dr. Yang Jin, Associate researcher of Chinese Academy and Social Sciences Chinese President Xi Jinping is paying a three-day state visit to the Czech Republic on March 28-30. It's the first visit by a sitting Chinese President since the two nations established diplomatic ties 67 years ago. It also marks Xi's first trip to a Central and Eastern European (CEE) country. China and CEE countries are pursuing stronger relations with new cooperation opportunities.
In the Mind of the Market: Theory of Mind Biases Value Computation during Financial Bubbles
The ability to infer intentions of other agents, called theory of mind (ToM), confers strong advantages for individuals in social situations. Here, we show that ToM can also be maladaptive when people interact with complex modern institutions like financial markets. We tested participants who were investing in an experimental bubble market, a situation in which the price of an asset is much higher than its underlying fundamental value.
Formation scheme and antioxidant activity of a novel Maillard pigment, pyrrolothiazolate, formed from cysteine and glucose
We recently identified 6-hydroxy-3[R],7a[S]-dimethyl-7-oxo-2,3-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazole-3-calboxylic acid, a novel pyrrolothiazole derivative carrying a carboxy group and named pyrrolothiazolate, as a Mallard pigment formed from -cysteine and -glucose. Here we described the formation of its enantiomer, the plausible formation scheme of pyrrolothiazolate, and its antioxidant activity.
Effective Chemistry Communication in Informal Environments
Downloading and Using eBooks from NAP An ebook is one of two file formats that are intended to be used with e-reader devices and apps such as Amazon Kindle or Apple iBooks. A PDF is a digital representation of the print book, so while it can be loaded into most e-reader programs, it doesn't allow for resizable text or advanced, interactive functionality.
Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue, Long-Term Health, and Highway Safety: Research Needs
Downloading and Using eBooks from NAP An ebook is one of two file formats that are intended to be used with e-reader devices and apps such as Amazon Kindle or Apple iBooks. A PDF is a digital representation of the print book, so while it can be loaded into most e-reader programs, it doesn't allow for resizable text or advanced, interactive functionality.
Low-Income Children, Adolescents, and Caregivers Facing Respiratory Problems: Support Needs and Preferences
To view the full text, please login as a subscribed user or purchase a subscription . Click here to view the full text on ScienceDirect. Burdens of poverty are often compounded by respiratory problems. This study aimed to identify the support needs and intervention preferences for low-income families facing this challenge.
One-Sided Social Media Comments Influenced Opinions And Intentions About Home Birth: An Experimental Study
As people increasingly turn to social media to access and create health evidence, the greater availability of data and information ought to help more people make evidence-informed health decisions that align with what matters to them. However, questions remain as to whether people can be swayed in favor of or against options by polarized social media, particularly in the case of controversial topics.
Policy and Research Needs to Maximize Independence and Support Community Living: Workshop Summary
Downloading and Using eBooks from NAP An ebook is one of two file formats that are intended to be used with e-reader devices and apps such as Amazon Kindle or Apple iBooks. A PDF is a digital representation of the print book, so while it can be loaded into most e-reader programs, it doesn't allow for resizable text or advanced, interactive functionality.
Friday, February 26, 2016
Acclaimed comedian Hannibal Buress will come to the MIT campus for a performance on Friday, Feb. 26, 2016 in Kresge Auditorium. The event is open to all MIT students, faculty, and staff. The event is free, but tickets are required. A ticket lottery will be open between Monday, Jan. 25 at 9am to Wednesday, Feb. 17 at 5pm. A limited number of tickets will also be available at the door on the night of the event.
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