By 1963, Jackson was the largest city in Mississippi and one of the most segregated. Public facilities, schools, buses and lunch counters were divided by race, and the city’s leadership refused to negotiate with civil rights groups. That resistance helped spark what became known as the Jackson Movement — a coordinated campaign led by the NAACP, Medgar Evers, local ministers and student activists. The movement included boycotts, marches, pickets, and voter‑registration drives.