Yulong Chen
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Articles by Yulong Chen
Interpretable Reinforcement Learning for Fixed Wing Aerial Pursuit with Differentiable Decision Trees and Curriculum Learning
Submitted: 07 October 2026 You are already at the latest version Neural policy networks can achieve effective control in dynamic pursuit tasks, but their decisions are difficult to audit. This study replaces the actor in proximal policy optimization with a full binary differentiable decision tree and uses a two-stage curriculum to stabilize learning.
Extended π-Conjugation in Ni-Phenanthroline Covalent Organic Cages Prolongs Charge Lifetime for Efficient Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Supporting Information Filename Description smll75886-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx4 MB Supporting File: smll75886-sup-0001-SuppMat1.docx.
Computer Science > Computation and Language
Reliable confidence estimation is increasingly central to the trustworthy deployment of language models: a calibrated estimate of the probability that an output is correct decides what to ship, what to escalate, and what to retry. Existing confidence estimators, however, share one design premise: they only read the current inference process, either by introspecting on it, scoring its token probabilities, or resampling it.
Optimization and effectiveness assessment of hydraulic fracturing target layers using multi-source information fusion
Abstract With the rapid increase in mining depth, geological hazards such as large deformation of surrounding rock and rock burst have become increasingly severe. As a result, hydraulic fracturing has become an essential technique for pressure relief in surrounding rock. However, the complexity of underground geological conditions renders the selection of fracturing horizons critical, as it directly determines the actual effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing operations.
Engineering Metal-Vacancy Synergistic Centers in Mo@MoO 2 for Robust CO 2 Hydrogenation Click to copy article link Article link copied!
Cite Jump to ExpandCollapse ArticleJune 26, 2026 Engineering Metal-Vacancy Synergistic Centers in Mo@MoO2 for Robust CO2 Hydrogenation Click to copy article linkArticle link copied! Xiaoting Gong Xiaoting Gong Laboratory of Green & Smart Chemical Engineering in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China Yulong Chen Yulong Chen Laboratory of Green & Smart Chemical Engineering in Universities of...
Experimental simulation investigation on fracture behavior and bolt anchoring mechanism in a circular tunnel under support in layered rock mass
Abstract This paper aims to explore the fracture behavior and bolt anchoring mechanism in circular tunnel under support in layered rock mass. Seven support methods, horizontal and vertical bedding planes are set up, and cubic rock-like material samples with a prefabricated circular hole and bedding planes are tested under uniaxial compression. During the compression, the failure of the hole sidewall is monitored by a camera.
Case Report: Clinical analysis and literature review of two cases of high-grade adult-type cervical embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
Abstract Background: Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) predominantly occurs in children; primary cervical ERMS in adults is exceedingly rare and readily misdiagnosed, as its typical presentations—abnormal vaginal bleeding and a cervical mass—closely resemble gestational trophoblastic disease and uterine sarcomas.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding mammary gland hyperplasia among adult women: a cross-sectional study in Shandong province, China
Discussion This study identified several key findings regarding KAP towards MGH among adult women in Shandong province. Overall, participants demonstrated insufficient knowledge, despite generally positive attitudes and proactive health practices. In addition, weak but statistically significant positive correlations were observed between knowledge and practice, as well as between attitude and practice, whereas no significant association was found between knowledge and attitude.
Hepatocyte-Specific Knockout of YAP Protects Against Atherosclerosis via Inhibition of ANGPTL3 in Mice
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology Get full access to this article View all available purchase options and get full access to this article. Supplemental Material File (atvb-2025-324122-s02.pdf) Supplemental Methods Figure S1–S31 Tables S1–S6 Unedited Western Blot Images Major Resources Table ARRIVE Checklist References 17,29,31,33,37,43–51 File (atvb-2025-324122-s03.xlsx) File (atvb-2025-324122-s04.pdf) References 1. Libby P. The changing landscape of atherosclerosis. Nature.
Frontiers | The dual roles of ferroptosis in digestive tract tumors: mechanisms, microenvironment regulation, and therapeutic integration with emphasis on immune interactions
1 Introduction Digestive tract tumors refer to malignant tumors that occur in the digestive tract and its accessory organs. According to the location of occurrence, they can be classified into the upper digestive tract, lower digestive tract, liver, gallbladder, and pancreatic system, among others. According to GLOBOCAN 2022 data, approximately 4.906 million new cases of digestive tract cancer were reported globally in 2022, accounting for 24.6% of all new cancer cases.
Dynamic Iodide Regeneration Enabled by Piperazine‐Tailored PCBM Interfaces for Photothermally Stable and Efficient Inverted Perovskite Photovoltaics
Conflict of Interests The authors declare no conflict of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that supports the findings of this study are available in the Supporting Information of this article Supporting Information Filename Description anie71257-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx14.6 MB Supporting Information anie71257-sup-0002-VideoS1.mpg17.6 MB Supporting Information References 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , Nature 2025, 646, 95–101.
Study on emulsification of asphalt and improvement of its hydrophobicity by magnesium sulfate solution under microwave action
Abstract During asphalt mixture paving, trapped moisture within the mixture is difficult to evaporate, significantly delaying road opening. Simultaneously, the presence of water accelerates pavement deterioration. To address these issues, this study investigates the mechanism of emulsion breaking in emulsified asphalt using microwave-assisted MgSO4 solution and examines the effect of MgSO4 solution addition on the hydrophobic properties of emulsified asphalt.
Permeability and Energy Evolution of Coal under Unloading Confining Pressure
Get full access to this article View all available purchase options and get full access to this article. Data Availability Statement Data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
The Effects of the South‐to‐North Water Transfer Project on Agriculture in China: A Tale of Two Routes
Supporting Information Filename Description agec70080-sup-0001-Appendices.docx374.3 KB Supporting Table A1: SDID estimates of the effects of the SNWTP on agricultural GDP and outputs, excluding metropolises of Beijing and Tianjin. Supporting Table A2: SDID estimates of the effects of the SNWTP on agricultural GDP and outputs, excluding cities on Chinese central plain. Supporting Figure A1: Parallel trend test of classic Difference-in-Differences method.
Zwitterionic Electrolyte Additives Empowered Robust Zn-I2 Batteries Enduring a Low Temperature of −40 °C
1 Introduction Compared with lithium–ion batteries, aqueous zinc–ion batteries (AZIB) possess significant advantages, i.e., lower cost and better safety.[1-5] The zinc-iodine (Zn–I2) battery, a rising star of AZIB, attracts considerable interest due to the abundance of iodine resources and high theoretical specific capacity (211 mAh g−1 based on I2 + 2e−↔2I− reaction) of the iodine-based electrode.[6, 7] However, the uneven migration of active species caused by polyiodide dissolution leads to...
Comparative Efficacy of PD‐1 Inhibitor‐Based Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy Regimens for Resectable Stage II-IIIa NSCLC: A Real‐World Retrospective Study - Yan - 2025 - Thoracic Cancer - Wiley Online Library
1 Introduction Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Patients with Stage II–III NSCLC represent a significant subset of resectable cases, yet long-term prognosis remains poor due to high rates of postoperative recurrence and distant metastasis [1].
Large‐Scale Physical Model Test on the Influence of Landslide Hazards on Oil and Gas Pipeline Bending
1 Introduction China's energy industry and energy transportation industry are currently in the process of rapid development. The demand for oil and gas energy is increasing. As one of the most important means of transportation energy, oil and gas pipeline needs to be paid more attention [1-3].
In Situ Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Observation of Pore Fractures and Permeability Evolution in Rock and Coal under Triaxial Compression
Get full access to this article View all available purchase options and get full access to this article. Data Availability Statement Data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Mercapto‐Functionalized Sacrificial Agents Enable Dual‐Electrode Nanoprotection in MnO2||Zn Batteries
Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. Supporting Information Filename Description cssc202500680-sup-0001-SuppData-S1.pdf3.3 MB Supplementary Material References 1, , , , , , Nat. Commun. 2024, 15, 302. 2, , , , , , , , , Adv. Mater. 2024, 36, 2400370. 3, , , , , , , , , , , , J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 11129. 4, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Nat. Commun. 2023, 14, 2883. 5, , , , , , , , , J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 20717. 6, , Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 687. 7, , , , , , , Chem. Soc.
Capitalization of state tax rates in housing values at state borders, 2000-2017
1 INTRODUCTION The housing wealth net of debt represents about half of the wealth held by households in the United States (Iacoviello, 2011), but it is the primary source of net wealth for households in the lowest 90% of the wealth distribution (Kuhn et al., 2020). As a result, housing has importance to households beyond its consumption utility but also as an investment and store of value. Government policies that alter housing prices can have important consequences on the welfare of households.
A 3D-printed high-hardness die steel microchip GC column: 3-meter long, low-cost, and exhibiting superior separation performance
Gas chromatography (GC), a widely employed analytical technique, finds extensive application in diverse fields including petrochemical analysis, pesticide detection, environmental monitoring, and energy exploration. However, traditional gas chromatography, with its large size, high power consumption, and lengthy detection time, proves unsuitable for on-site real-time detection.
Simulated Warming Increases Litter Decomposition and Release Rates of Some Metallic Elements and Recalcitrant Components in Different-Aged Chinese Fir Plantations
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
PARP7i Clinical Candidate RBN‐2397 Exerts Antiviral Activity by Modulating Interferon‐β Associated Innate Immune Response in Macrophages
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Supporting Information Filename Description ddr70013-sup-0001-Figure_S1.tif4.6 MB Supporting information. References , and . 2002. “A Road Map for Those Who don't Know JAK-STAT.” Science 296, no. 5573: 1653–1655. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1071545. , , and . 2014. “Interferon-Stimulated Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases Are Potent Inhibitors of Cellular Translation and Virus Replication.” Journal of Virology 88, no. 4: 2116–2130.
Melatonin Maintains Postharvest Quality in Fresh Gastrodia elata Tuber by Regulating Antioxidant Ability and Phenylpropanoid and Energy Metabolism During Storage
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Loss of Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 18 Destabilizes 14-3-3ζ Protein and Represses Lung Cancer Metastasis
Abstract Cancer metastasis is a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Strategies to reduce metastases are needed especially in lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer mortality. We previously reported increased ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18) expression in lung and other cancers. Engineered reduction of USP18 expression repressed lung cancer growth and promoted apoptosis.
Intelligent MEMS Sensor Based on an Oxidized Medium-Entropy Alloy (FeCoNi) for H2 and CO Recognition
A correctable decoding DNA sequencing with high accuracy and high throughput
A correctable decoding DNA sequencing with high accuracy and high throughput Eliminating errors in next-generation sequencing has proven to be challenging. Here we present a novel strategy for DNA sequencing, called correctable two-color fluorogenic DNA decoding sequencing, which can significantly improve sequencing accuracy and throughput by employing a dual-nucleotide addition combined with fluorogenic sequencing-by-synthesis (SBS) chemistry.
Neighbor Distinguishing Colorings of Graphs with the Restriction for Maximum Average Degree
1. Introduction Many real-world situations can conveniently be described by means of a graph composed of vertices and edges joining certain pairs of these vertices. For example, in a social network, each vertex represents a person and each edge represents a relationship where two people are friends. In a protein network, each vertex represents a protein and each edge represents the interaction of different proteins.
Fungal Deterioration on Ancient Leather Artifacts
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O-Vacancy-Rich ε-MnO2 Synthesized at Hydrophobic Interface: An Efficient Fenton-like Catalyst for Removing Ciprofloxacin from Water
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Coral-like CoSe2@N-doped carbon with high initial coulomb efficiency as adcanced anode materials for Na-ion batteries
Coral-like CoSe2@N-doped carbon with high initial coulomb efficiency as adcanced anode materials for Na-ion batteries Na-ion batteries (NIBs) have attracted great interest as a possible technology for grid-scale energy storage for the past few years owing to the wide distribution, low cost and environmental benignity of sodium resources, and similar chemical mechanisms to established Li-ion batteries (LIBs).
HI-TOM: A Benchmark for Evaluating Higher-Order Theory of Mind Reasoning in Large Language Models
arXiv:2310.16755 (cs) Download PDF Comments: Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) Cite as: arXiv:2310.16755 [cs.CL] (or arXiv:2310.16755v1 [cs.CL] for this version) Journal reference: Findings of EMNLP 2023 Submission history From: Naihao Deng [ view email] [v1] Wed, 25 Oct 2023 16:41:15 UTC (7,867 KB) Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer () Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart...
Carbon emissions management efficiency evaluation based on indicator information integration and DEA-Malmquist index
1 Introduction As the global economy undergoes rapid expansion, society faces a complex balance between reducing carbon emissions and promoting economic growth. When carbon emissions exceed the environmental capacity, it exacerbates the challenges related to environmental remediation and management, putting the sustainability of economic progress at risk.
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Melatonin Treatment Maintains the Quality of Fresh-Cut Gastrodia elata under Low-Temperature Conditions by Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism and Phenylpropanoid Pathway
1. Introduction Gastrodia elata, belonging to the Orchidaceae family, is rich in functional components, such as gastrodin, amino acids, and polysaccharides [1]. In 2019, G. elata was designated as a pilot variety for the homology of medicine and food by the Chinese health commission. With G. elata being recognized as a food with medicinal properties, its applications as a food with medicinal properties are rapidly expanding [2]. Storing fresh G.
Using Japanese University Students as an Example
1. Introduction Since December 2019, COVID-19 infections have rapidly spread worldwide, causing changes in people’s daily lives and psychological well-being due to social isolation (Silva-Filho et al., 2020) . In April 2020, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency, and educational institutions were forced to implement countermeasures, including changing attendance styles. As a result, most universities started offering online classes, including physical education courses.
Building Surface Crack Detection Using Deep Learning Technology
Open AccessArticle by Yulong Chen 1,2, Zilong Zhu 3, Zhijie Lin 3 and Youmei Zhou 4,* 1 Faculty of Architecture and Art, Zhejiang College of Construction, Hangzhou 311215, China 2 Faculty of Innovation and Design, City University of Macau, Macau, China 3 School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China 4 School of Art and Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100107, China * Author to whom correspondence should be...
Iterative Approach of Experiment-Machine Learning for Efficient Optimization of Environmental Catalysts: An Example of NOx Selective Reduction Catalysts | Environmental Science & Technology
An iterative approach between machine learning (ML) and laboratory experiments was developed to accelerate the design and synthesis of environmental catalysts (ECs) using selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides (NO) as an example.
High-Index Epitaxial Fe Films Grown on MgO(113)
1. Introduction In materials science, a crystal facet refers to a flat surface that is bounded by crystallographic planes with specific Miller indices. High-index facets are those with indices greater than the standard low-index facets of a crystal, which are typically represented by (100), (110), and (111) in cubic crystals, for example. High-index facets are, in principle, infinite and can offer richer surface structures and properties than low-index facets.
A New Self-Healing Degradable Copolymer Based on Polylactide and Poly(p-dioxanone)
Abstract : In this paper, the copolymerization of poly (p-dioxanone) (PPDO) and polylactide (PLA) was carried out via a Diels–Alder reaction to obtain a new biodegradable copolymer with self-healing abilities. By altering the molecular weights of PPDO and PLA precursors, a series of copolymers (DA2300, DA3200, DA4700 and DA5500) with various chain segment lengths were created.
ARID1A mutation plus CXCL13 expression act as combinatorial biomarkers to predict responses to immune checkpoint therapy in mUCC
Two markers can be better than one Therapies targeting immune checkpoints in cancer are achieving increasing prominence because they can achieve long-lasting responses in patients with difficult-to-treat tumors. Unfortunately, not all tumors respond to these treatments, and it is not clear how to identify patients most likely to benefit. Previous studies have suggested individual biomarkers, such as expression of the immune checkpoints themselves, but this was not sufficient.
Nanoparticle Mobility within Permanently Cross-Linked Polymer Networks
Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the mobility of nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in end-linked polymer networks, considering both the entangled and unentangled cases. For the entangled case, where the network strand length Nx is longer than the entanglement length Ne, the strand dynamics exhibits a heavily entangled subdiffusive feature before being restricted within the fluctuation distance dfluct by the permanent cross-links.
Design of End-to-End Assembly of Side-Grafted Nanorods in a Homopolymer Matrix
Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to identify the conditions under which the nanorods (NRs) side-grafted with polymer chains can assemble in end-to-end configurations in a homopolymer matrix, a structure of significant importance for optimal property characteristics.
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α stimulates adipose tissue inflammation by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress
Adipose tissue inflammation has been linked to metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the molecules that mediate inflammation in adipose tissue have not been addressed. Although retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor ? (ROR?) is known to be involved in the regulation of inflammatory response in some tissues, its role is largely unknown in adipose tissue.
Lysyl Hydroxylase 2 Is Secreted by Tumor Cells and Can Modify Collagen in the Extracellular Space
Lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) catalyzes the hydroxylation of lysine residues in the telopeptides of fibrillar collagens, which leads to the formation of stable collagen cross-links. Recently we reported that LH2 enhances the metastatic propensity of lung cancer by increasing the amount of stable hydroxylysine aldehyde-derived collagen cross-links (HLCCs), which generate a stiffer tumor stroma (Chen, Y., et al. (2015) J. Clin. Invest. 125, 125, 1147–1162).
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