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Articles by Ben Kravitz
Precursors to Extreme Wintertime Cold in the Midwest United States
1 Introduction Cold air outbreaks (CAOs) are damaging and dangerous extreme weather events that affect millions every winter, especially in the US Midwest (Smith and Sheridan 2018a). Understanding the behaviour of these events in the weeks before onset could be invaluable for protecting life and property.
What 10 Great Album Covers Can Teach Us About Branding | Muse by Clios
1 day ago "She started singing, and it was, like, we all stopped." Bill Hader and his Saturday Night Live colleagues liked Adele before it was cool. The Barry star recalled his first encounter with the "Rolling in the Deep" singer when she made her SNL debut in 2008. "I remember us sitting at the rewrite table on …
DiffESM: Conditional Emulation of Temperature and Precipitation in Earth System Models With 3D Diffusion Models
1 Introduction Extreme weather events, such as heat waves, droughts, and floods, have become more frequent and intense in recent years (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2023). These events have significant impacts on human societies and ecosystems, highlighting the urgent need to understand how they may change in the future under different emission scenarios.
Geoengineering: the scientists who argue modifying the climate could buy the world time - podcast Original
With global temperature records broken for months on end, and the severity of extreme weather events routinely attributed to climate change, you might think any technological developments with the potential to stop global warming would be welcomed the world over. But the pursuit of geoengineering – attempts to modify the climate for the purposes of reversing climate change – is a hugely divisive issue.
Climate engineering carries serious national security risks − countries facing extreme heat may try it anyway, and the world needs to be prepared
(The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts.) Ben Kravitz, Indiana University and Tyler Felgenhauer, Duke University (THE CONVERSATION) The historic Paris climate agreement started a mantra from developing countries: “1.5 to stay alive.” It refers to the international aim to keep global warming under 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.8 Fahrenheit) compared with preindustrial times.
Different Strategies of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection Would Significantly Affect Climate Extreme Mitigation
1 Introduction Continued greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by human activities have induced anthropogenic climate change since the pre-industrial era (Eyring et al., 2021). Anthropogenic climate change contributes to an enhanced frequency, intensity, and duration of some weather and climate extremes (e.g., heat/cold waves, heavy rainfall/snowfall, droughts, hurricanes) across the world (NASEM, 2016; Seneviratne et al., 2021).
La géo-ingénierie, un enjeu géopolitique ? Pour les pays en surchauffe, la tentation de modifier le climat
L’emblématique accord de Paris sur le climat a donné naissance à un nouveau slogan dans les pays en développement : « 1,5 pour rester en vie ». Il se réfère à l’objectif international de maintenir le réchauffement climatique en dessous de 1,5 °C par rapport à l’ère préindustrielle. Mais le monde dépassera probablement ce seuil d’ici une décennie, et le réchauffement climatique ne montre que peu de signes de ralentissement.
Climate engineering carries serious national security risks
By Ben Kravitz, Indiana University, and Tyler Felgenhauer, Duke University The historic Paris climate agreement started a mantra from developing countries: “1.5 to stay alive.” It refers to the international aim to keep global warming under 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.8 Fahrenheit) compared with preindustrial times. But the world will likely pass that threshold within a decade, and global warming is showing little sign of slowing.
Climate engineering can provide equitable solution to climate change: Scientists
However, humans are currently putting over 37 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere annually through fossil fuel use and industry The historic Paris climate agreement started a mantra from developing countries: “1.5 to stay alive.” It refers to the international aim to keep global warming under 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.8 Fahrenheit) compared with preindustrial times. But the world will likely pass that threshold within a decade, and global warming is showing little signs of slowing.
Desperate Nations May Unilaterally Begin Hacking The Global Climate
The historic Paris climate agreement started a mantra from developing countries: "1.5 to stay alive." It refers to the international aim to keep global warming under 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.8 Fahrenheit) compared with preindustrial times. But the world will likely pass that threshold within a decade, and global warming is showing little sign of slowing. The world is already facing natural disasters of epic proportions as temperatures rise. Heat records are routinely broken.
Climate engineering carries serious national security risks − countries facing extreme heat may try it anyway, and the world needs to be prepared
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Climate engineering carries serious national security risks − countries facing extreme heat may try it anyway, and the world needs to be prepared
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Climate engineering carries serious national security risks − countries facing extreme heat may try it anyway, and the world needs to be prepared Original
The historic Paris climate agreement started a mantra from developing countries: “1.5 to stay alive.” It refers to the international aim to keep global warming under 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.8 Fahrenheit) compared with preindustrial times. But the world will likely pass that threshold within a decade, and global warming is showing little sign of slowing. The world is already facing natural disasters of epic proportions as temperatures rise. Heat records are routinely broken.
Climate engineering carries serious national security risks − countries facing extreme heat may try it anyway, and the world needs to be prepared
(The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts.) kAmW%wt r~}'t#$p%x~}X %96 9:DE@C:4 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^F?7444]:?E^AC@46DD\2?5\>66E:?8D^E96\A2C:D\28C66>6?EQm!2C:D 4=:>2E6 28C66>6?Ek^2m DE2CE65 2 >2?EC2 7C@> 56G6=@A:?8 4@F?EC:6Di “k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]D4:6?E:7:42>6C:42?]4@>^2CE:4=6^>66E:?8\E96\`\d\4\4=:>2E6\8@2=\H:==\D2G6\>:==:@?D\@7\A6@A=6\2?5\:ED\DE:==\762D:3=6^RiTftiE6IElQm`]d E@ DE2J 2=:G6k^2m]” xE C676CD E@ E96 :?E6C?2E:@?2=...
Climate engineering carries serious national security risks − countries facing extreme heat may try it anyway, and the world needs to be prepared
(The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts.) kAmW%wt r~}'t#$p%x~}X %96 9:DE@C:4 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^F?7444]:?E^AC@46DD\2?5\>66E:?8D^E96\A2C:D\28C66>6?EQm!2C:D 4=:>2E6 28C66>6?Ek^2m DE2CE65 2 >2?EC2 7C@> 56G6=@A:?8 4@F?EC:6Di “k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]D4:6?E:7:42>6C:42?]4@>^2CE:4=6^>66E:?8\E96\`\d\4\4=:>2E6\8@2=\H:==\D2G6\>:==:@?D\@7\A6@A=6\2?5\:ED\DE:==\762D:3=6^RiTftiE6IElQm`]d E@ DE2J 2=:G6k^2m]” xE C676CD E@ E96 :?E6C?2E:@?2=...
The role of interdecadal climate oscillations in driving Arctic atmospheric river trends - Nature Communications
Abstract Atmospheric rivers (ARs), intrusions of warm and moist air, can effectively drive weather extremes over the Arctic and trigger subsequent impact on sea ice and climate. What controls the observed multi-decadal Arctic AR trends remains unclear.
Pangeo-Enabled ESM Pattern Scaling (PEEPS): A customizable dataset of emulated Earth System Model output
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Citation: Kravitz B, Snyder A (2023) Pangeo-Enabled ESM Pattern Scaling (PEEPS): A customizable dataset of emulated Earth System Model output. PLOS Clim 2(12): e0000159. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000159 Editor: Yangyang Xu, Texas A&M University, UNITED STATES Received: October 19, 2022; Accepted: October 30, 2023; Published: December 5, 2023 Copyright: © 2023 Kravitz, Snyder.
High‐latitude stratospheric aerosol injection to preserve the Arctic
Research Article This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record.
Climate engineering research is essential to a just transition and sustainable future
The U.S. National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine have recently recommended an expansive federal research effort into climate engineering techniques. These proposed interventions, like creating a layer of microscopic droplets in the upper atmosphere or brightening low clouds over the ocean, aim to reduce solar radiation arriving at Earth’s surface.
Geoengineering: Whiter skies?
Abstract [1] One proposed side effect of geoengineering with stratospheric sulfate aerosols is sky whitening during the day and afterglows near sunset, as is seen after large volcanic eruptions. Sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere would increase diffuse light received at the surface, but with a non‐uniform spectral distribution. We use a radiative transfer model to calculate spectral irradiance for idealized size distributions of sulfate aerosols.
Joint emulation of Earth System Model temperature-precipitation realizations with internal variability and space-time and cross-variable correlation: fldgen v2.0 software description
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Abigail Snyder , Robert Link , Kalyn Dorheim , Ben Kravitz , Ben Bond-Lamberty, Corinne Hartin Abigail Snyder, Robert Link, Kalyn Dorheim, Ben Kravitz, Ben Bond-Lamberty, Corinne Hartin Published: October 4, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223542 Figures Abstract Earth System Models (ESMs) are excellent tools for quantifying many aspects of future climate dynamics but are too computationally expensive to produce large...
Soil moisture and other hydrological changes in a stratospheric aerosol geoengineering large ensemble
Research Article Douglas G. MacMartin Corresponding Author E-mail address: dgm224@cornell.edu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1987-9417 Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Correspondence to: D. G.
Seasonal injection strategies for stratospheric aerosol geoengineering - Visioni - - Geophysical Research Letters - Wiley Online Library
Research Letter Seasonal injection strategies for stratospheric aerosol geoengineering Daniele Visioni Corresponding Author E-mail address: daniele.visioni@cornell.edu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7342-2189 Sibley School for Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Search for more papers by this author Abstract Simulations of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering have typically considered injections at a constant rate over the entire year.
Atmosphere | Free Full-Text | Response of Surface Ultraviolet and Visible Radiation to Stratospheric SO2 Injections | HTML
► ▼ Article Menu Export Article Create a SciFeed alert for new publications With following keywords photolysis coefficients photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) By following authors Advanced options One email with all search results One email for each search × /ajax/scifeed/subscribe Open Access This article is freely available re-usable Article Response of Surface Ultraviolet and Visible Radiation to Stratospheric SO2 Injections Sasha Madronich 1,*, Simone Tilmes 1, Ben Kravitz 2,...
The Climate Response to Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering Can Be Tailored Using Multiple Injection Locations
By injecting different amounts of SO2 at multiple different latitudes, the spatial pattern of aerosol optical depth (AOD) can be partially controlled. This leads to the ability to influence the climate response to geoengineering with stratospheric aerosols, providing the potential for design.
Persistent polar ocean warming in a strategically geoengineered climate
Enhancement of the Earth’s albedo through the injection of sulfate aerosols into the stratosphere has been proposed as an approach to offset some of the adverse effects of climate change. Here we analyse an ensemble of simulations of the twenty-first century climate designed to explore a strategic geoengineering approach.
The Engineering of Climate Engineering
Abstract - FiguresPreview Abstract Recent successes in the field of machine learning, as well as the availability of increased sensing and computational capabilities in modern control systems, have led to a growing interest in learning and data-driven control techniques.
Spanning space
A solid angle, quantified by the dimensionless SI unit steradian (sr), measures how big an object appears to an observer. This concept can be traced back to the time of Archimedes, and the term appears, for example, in a geometry book by Emerson in 17941. Solid angle relates to projective geometry2. Imagine you’re outside on a sunny day. To shield the Sun from your eyes, you might hold up your hand. Of course, the Sun is much bigger than your hand, but it’s also much farther away.
An overview of the Earth system science of solar geoengineering
This overview does not address the many significant governance and ethical challenges posed by solar geoengineering. We suggest that the interested reader refer to, for example, the review of the ethical issues by Preston, 16 and the report of the European Transdisciplinary Assessment of Climate Engineering (EuTRACE) project.
The climate response to stratospheric aerosol geoengineering can be tailored using multiple injection locations
By injecting different amounts of SO at multiple different latitudes, the spatial pattern of aerosol optical depth (AOD) can be partially controlled. This leads to the ability to influence the climate response to geoengineering with stratospheric aerosols, providing the potential for design.
Radiative and chemical response to interactive stratospheric sulfate aerosols in fully coupled CESM1(WACCM)
We present new insights into the evolution and interactions of stratospheric aerosol using an updated version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). Improved horizontal resolution, dynamics, and chemistry now produce an internally generated quasi-biennial oscillation, and significant improvements to stratospheric temperatures and ozone compared to observations. We present a validation of WACCM column ozone and climate calculations against observations.
First simulations of designing stratospheric sulfate aerosol geoengineering to meet multiple simultaneous climate objectives
We describe the first simulations of stratospheric sulfate aerosol geoengineering using multiple injection locations to meet multiple simultaneous surface temperature objectives. Simulations were performed using CESM1(WACCM), a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model with fully interactive stratospheric chemistry, dynamics (including an internally generated quasi-biennial oscillation), and a sophisticated treatment of sulfate aerosol formation, microphysical growth, and deposition.
Sensitivity of aerosol distribution and climate response to stratospheric SO
Injection of SO into the stratosphere has been proposed as a method to in part counteract anthropogenic climate change. So far, most studies investigated injections at the equator or in a region in the tropics. Here, we use CESM1(WACCM) to explore the impact of continuous single grid point SO injections at 7 different latitudes and 2 altitudes in the stratosphere on aerosol distribution and climate.
Stratospheric Dynamical Response and Ozone Feedbacks in the Presence of SO
Injections of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere are among several proposed methods of solar radiation management. Such injections could cool the Earth's climate. However, they would significantly alter the dynamics of the stratosphere. We explore here the stratospheric dynamical response to sulfur dioxide injections ?
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