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Articles by Bo Sun
High Polarization-Sensitivity Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 Lead-Free Perovskite Vertically-Architected Field-Effect Phototransistors Fabricated via Optimal Nanoimprint Lithography
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Supporting Information Filename Description smll76394-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx33.3 MB Supporting File 1: smll76394-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx. smll76394-sup-0002-VideoS1.mp449.2 MB Supporting File 2: smll76394-sup-0002-VideoS1.mp4.
Motor-cognitive integrated training improves executive function and gross motor skills in children with developmental coordination disorder: a pilot RCT
Abstract To evaluate a school-based pilot intervention combining fundamental movement skills (FMS) training and action observation and motor imagery (AOMI) for gross motor skills and executive function in developmental coordination disorder (DCD). In this pilot randomized controlled trial, 20 children with DCD were randomized to an experimental group (FMS plus AOMI, n = 10) or an active control group (FMS plus video-based physical activity education).
Association of a history of type 2 diabetes with short-term mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Abstract Background: The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate whether a history of T2DM influences short-term all-cause mortality in hospitalized patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of hospitalized patients with DLC at three medical centers in China between November 2019 and June 2024.
Assessment, External Verification and Modification of Models in Diagnosing Primary Aldosteronism Subtypes
Diagnostic models are used to identify primary aldosteronism (PA) subtypes, including unilateral primary aldosteronism (UPA) and bilateral primary aldosteronism (BPA), only UPA could be treated throu...
Kepler’s Third Law for \( N \)-Body Periodic Orbits: Exact and Approximate Forms
Submitted: 23 September 2026 Posted: 24 September 2026 You are already at the latest version For a bound orbit of Newtonian point masses, the product \( T|E|^{3/2} \) of the period and the \( 3/2 \) power of the energy is the only scale-invariant combination of the two; for two bodies it is fixed by Kepler's third law.
Finite-Time Singularities of Prandtl's Boundary-Layer Equations: A Review
Submitted: 17 September 2026 Posted: 21 September 2026 You are already at the latest version We review what is known about finite-time singularity formation ("blow-up") in the unsteady Prandtl boundary-layer equations, from the numerical discovery of the van Dommelen--Shen singularity in 1980 to the rigorous description of its self-similar structure completed in 2018--2022.
Exact Navier–Stokes Solutions for Strained Shear Layers on a Stretching Sheet
Submitted: 17 September 2026 Posted: 18 September 2026 You are already at the latest version A recent similarity solution of the two-dimensional unsteady laminar boundary-layer equations [B. H. Sun, Phys. Fluids 36, 083616 (2024)], expressed in terms of Kummer functions, was proposed as the solution for a semi-infinite flat plate impulsively set into motion, but its boundary conditions cannot be satisfied at any finite time.
Stress-Gated Ion Transport Controls Lithium Filament Propagation in Solid Electrolytes: A Second, Exponential Channel of Chemo-Mechanical Coupling
Submitted: 17 September 2026 Posted: 18 September 2026 You are already at the latest version Lithium filaments penetrate solid electrolytes by wedging open pre-existing flaws, and the field has consequently treated the problem as one of fracture mechanics: raise the toughness, close the crack, and penetration is delayed. Here we show that mechanical stress acts on filament growth through a second channel that has been overlooked, and that this channel is exponential rather than linear.
Flow Velocity Gradient-Bounded Constitutive Theory of Incompressible Viscous Fluids
This version is not peer-reviewed. Submitted: 15 September 2026 Posted: 16 September 2026 You are already at the latest version The incompressible Navier–Stokes equations have recently been shown to admit finite-time singularities from smooth data under smooth bounded forcing. Since unbounded velocity gradients are physically inadmissible, the only element of the equations open to revision is the constitutive relation \(\sigma=-pI+F(\nabla u)\).
A risk analysis of irregular coal pillars subjected to impact from multiple fault cutting in deep mines
Abstract This study takes the rockburst risk assessment of a section coal pillar in a high-impact rockburst mine in Shandong Province as the engineering background. Through field monitoring, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and other research means, it investigates the impact risk after the section coal pillar is intersected by multiple faults.
Temperature-Coupled Similarity Reductions for Unsteady Two-Dimensional Incompressible Navier–Stokes Equations
Submitted: 02 September 2026 Posted: 04 September 2026 You are already at the latest version Unsteady forced convection is almost always computed by inserting a steady velocity field into a time-dependent energy equation, because exact unsteady solutions of the coupled problem are scarce.
Upstream Influence in Similarity Reductions of the Unsteady Navier–Stokes Equations
Submitted: 02 September 2026 Posted: 03 September 2026 You are already at the latest version Similarity reductions of unsteady two-dimensional flow are almost always constructed from the boundary-layer equations, in which streamwise diffusion and the transverse momentum balance are discarded at the outset. We ask when such a reduction is also a reduction of the full Navier–Stokes equations, using the diffusion-time-scale variables \(\eta=y/\delta(x)\), \(\tau=\nu t/[\delta(x)]^2\) of Sun [32].
Square-Root Acceleration Drag Law of a Uniformly Accelerated Normal Plate
This version is not peer-reviewed. Submitted: 02 September 2026 Posted: 03 September 2026 You are already at the latest version Reijtenbagh, Tummers and Westerweel [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 174001 (2023)] measured the instantaneous drag on plates accelerated normal to their own plane, reported \(\hat F_a=C_a\rho A\sqrt{\nu aV_a}\) with \(C_a\simeq291\) independent of acceleration and velocity, and rationalized it with a history force built on the one-dimensional Stokes first problem.
Assessment of energy cost in three winter sports: Alpine skiing, snowboarding, and simulated cross-country skiing
Abstract Background Little is known about the energy costs of recreational skiing, snowboarding, and cross-country skiing activities in young adults. Investigating the intensity of such activities for promoting skiing in public health and exercise contexts is needed. This study measured the heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2), and respiratory quotient (RQ) of recreational Alpine skiing, snowboarding, and simulated cross-country skiing (roller skiing) in young adults (17–25 y).
Similarity Structure of Unsteady Compressible Two-Fluid Plasma Boundary Layers
You are already at the latest version We construct the similarity structure of unsteady compressible two-fluid (Hall) plasma boundary layers with separate ion and electron temperatures.
Similarity Structure of Unsteady Incompressible Two-Fluid Plasma Boundary Layers
This version is not peer-reviewed. You are already at the latest version We construct from first principles the complete similarity structure of unsteady incompressible two-fluid (Hall) plasma boundary layers with separate ion and electron temperatures, and analyse the resulting states in full.
Similarity Solutions of a Class of Unsteady Compressible Laminar Boundary Layers
You are already at the latest version The unsteady compressible laminar boundary layer is the natural setting in which the earliest, pre-transitional history of a high-speed viscous flow is written, yet almost no exact solutions of the two-dimensional unsteady compressible boundary-layer equations are known. We extend a recently proposed incompressible similarity transformation [B. H. Sun, Phys. Fluids 36, 083616 (2024)] to compressible flow.
From Moore's Law to the Volume-Inverse Law
You are already at the latest version For six decades Moore's Law has guided the semiconductor industry, but dimensional scaling is now meeting hard physical and economic limits. Here we argue that the post-Moore era needs a figure of merit anchored to physical invariants rather than to calendar time. We introduce the spatiotemporal efficiency \(\Lambda = N f /(P V)\), combining transistor count \(N\), clock frequency \(f\), power \(P\) and heat-dissipating volume \(V\).
Similarity Structure and Load-Factor Control of Enthalpy Sources in Unsteady Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Boundary Layers
This version is not peer-reviewed. You are already at the latest version Steady compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layers have been studied since the work of Rossow \cite{Rossow1957}, Bleviss \cite{Bleviss1958} and Bush \cite{Bush1960}. What has not been developed is their \emph{unsteady} similarity structure.
A Flux-Based Derivation of the Quasibrittle Size Effect with Fractal and Anisotropic Extensions
This version is not peer-reviewed. You are already at the latest version We show that Bažant’s Type-2 size effect law follows exactly from a single premise---that the cross-scale energy flux is constant within a bounded range of scales---once the fracture process zone is allowed to saturate at a material length rather than remaining geometrically similar.
Unsteady MHD Boundary Layer Similarity Solutions
You are already at the latest version The diffusion-time similarity transformation introduced by Sun [Phys. Fluids 36, 083616 (2024)] reduces the two-dimensional unsteady boundary layer equations to a single partial differential equation in the two variables η = y/δ(x) and τ = νt/δ2(x). We extend the reduction to an electrically conducting fluid at low magnetic Reynolds number and show that the reduced problem changes type.
A Geometrically Exact Nonlinear Kirchhoff–Love Shell Theory in the Language of Fibre Bundles, Moving Frames and Differential Forms
You are already at the latest version We present a self-contained formulation of finite-deformation Kirchhoff–Love shell theory built directly on the differential-geometric objects that the problem itself supplies: the shell body is a fibre bundle π : S → M over the mid-surface, kinematics are expressed through pull-backs of the ambient metric, stresses are bundle-valued differential forms, and dimensional reduction is fibre integration.
An Exact Solution of the Unsteady Laminar Thermal Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate
This version is not peer-reviewed. You are already at the latest version The thermal boundary layer on a flat plate is almost always computed by inserting the steady Blasius velocity field into a time-dependent energy equation, so that the temperature evolves along trajectories that do not.
Author Correction: Breaking the activity-selectivity trade-off for acetylene semihydrogenation by Pd 2 dual-atom site
Correction to: Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70107-w, published online 25 March 2026 “This Article contains an error in Supplementary Fig. 6. The line scan result and source data of Pd2/ND@G intended for the second TEM image were mistakenly copied to the fourth TEM image, leading to identical line scan results for different Pd2 dual-atom sites”. The original Supplementary Fig. 6: Has been replaced with the corrected Supplementary Fig.
Integrated multi-omics identification of m6A-SNP-related diagnostic biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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Abstract Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) lacks reliable and minimally invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis. m6A-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (m6A-SNPs) may influence RNA methylation and gene expression, offering opportunities to identify clinically relevant diagnostic markers. Methods: We integrated eQTLGen cis-eQTL data, RMVar m6A-SNP annotations, and ALS transcriptomic datasets to identify m6A-SNP–related genes.
By Hongfen Wang, Bo Sun, Shiya Wang, Jing Pan Verified, Rongrong Du, Xinyuan Pang, Jiongming Bai, Jinming Han, Jinli Feng
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Frontiers in Immunology
Dynamic prediction of preterm birth and gestational age at delivery based on longitudinal electronic health records
Abstract This study introduces GestaCare, a deep learning framework designed to jointly optimize all-cause preterm birth (PTB) risk classification and time-to-delivery regression.
In-situ glial cell-surface proteomics identifies pro-longevity factors in Drosophila
eLife Assessment Combining state-of-art in-situ cell-surface proteomics, functional genetic screening, and single-nucleus RNA sequencing, this fundamental work substantially advances our understanding of glial contributions to organismal lifespan. The evidence supporting the conclusions is compelling. The work will be of broad interest to researchers studying aging biology, glia-neuron communication and in vivo proteomic profiling.
Early-mid Holocene Ross Sea extreme wave heights reflect sea ice retreat and ocean-atmosphere interactions
Abstract Antarctic coastal systems preserve valuable records of postglacial environmental change and extreme storm events. On Inexpressible Island, Ross Sea, we integrated geomorphic mapping, boulder measurements, exposure dating, radiocarbon constraints, and hydrodynamic analysis to reconstruct early to mid-Holocene storm-wave activity.
Structural Basis of Amyloid Fibril Assembly by Plant Seed Storage Proteins
Abstract Amyloid fibrils are highly ordered protein assemblies characterized by a cross-β architecture. A wide range of proteins can adopt amyloid states, contributing to both disease-related pathology and normal physiological function. While animal-derived amyloids have been extensively examined in atomic detail, amyloid fibrils formed by plant proteins remain relatively understudied.
Structural Basis of Amyloid Fibril Assembly by Plant Seed Storage Proteins
Abstract Amyloid fibrils are highly ordered protein assemblies characterized by a cross-β architecture. A wide range of proteins can adopt amyloid states, contributing to both disease-related pathology and normal physiological function. While animal-derived amyloids have been extensively examined in atomic detail, amyloid fibrils formed by plant proteins remain relatively understudied.
Case Report: Androgen-secreting pediatric adrenocortical tumor of uncertain malignant potential presenting with virilization in a 19-month-old girl
Abstract Background: Virilization in girls younger than 2 years should prompt careful evaluation for pathological androgen excess and should be interpreted as a practical clinical reminder rather than as a stand-alone diagnostic tool. Pediatric adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) are rare but are usually hormonally active, and their interpretation requires pediatric-specific clinicopathological criteria rather than direct application of adult adrenal carcinoma criteria.
Enhancing Mechanical and Ionic Transport Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Electrolytes Through Zinc Ion-Regulated Zeolite Structure
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.
Geometrically Exact Elastic Shell Crack Propagation Dynamics Based on Fiber Bundles and Differential Forms
This version is not peer-reviewed. You are already at the latest version Fracture and crack propagation in flexible shells under extreme loading represent a fundamental challenge in continuum mechanics. Traditional shell fracture theories rely heavily on local coordinate systems and asymptotic expansions, often entangled in the contradiction between three-dimensional solid fracture and two-dimensional shell theory.
Advances in Lipid Metabolism Reprogramming in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the sixth most common cancer globally, constituting 75%–85% of primary liver cancers. In China, HCC incidence is the fifth highest, with both mortality rate and absolute death toll ranking second. Over recent years, the global incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC has declined, whereas the proportion of HCC attributable to metabolic factors, including obesity and diabetes, has doubled over the past two decades.
Wear zone development characteristics and a discrete element method-based zonal quantification method for a ploughshare
Abstract To quantify the formation and spatial expansion of wear zones on a ploughshare under different tillage parameters, in this study, a soil‒ploughshare interaction model is established in EDEM 2024 using the discrete element method coupled with the Archard wear model. The effects of tillage speed, tillage depth, and penetration angle on ploughshare force, power consumption and high-wear area distribution are investigated.
A Geometrically Exact Formulation of Elastic Shell Dynamics Based on Fiber Bundles and Differential Forms
This version is not peer-reviewed. You are already at the latest version Traditional elastic shell theory relies heavily on cumbersome tensor calculus in curvilinear coordinates and is usually confined to a small-deformation linear framework. This not only obscures intrinsic physical and geometric meanings but also makes theoretical derivations under large deformations extremely arduous.
Brassinosteroid signaling regulates shoot apical meristem homeostasis via orchestrating cytokinin and WUSCHEL activity
Abstract INTRODUCTION RESULTS DISCUSSION MATERIALS AND METHODS Acknowledgments Supplementary Materials REFERENCES Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract In flowering plants, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is maintained through cross-talk between the stem cell identity gene WUSCHEL (WUS) and several phytohormone-signaling pathways.
Invasion Dynamics of Multifocal Breast Tumor Spheroids in Three-dimensional Extracellular Matrix
Affiliations & Notes 1Department of Physics, Oregon State University, 110 Weniger Hall, Corvallis OR, USA 2Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287 3Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287 Article Info Publication History: Received March 3, 2026; Accepted June 11, 2026; Published online June 16, 2026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2026.06.017 External LinkAlso available on ScienceDirect External Link Copyright: © 2026 Biophysical Society.
Modulation of the Arctic–East Asian winter teleconnection by extreme CO₂ forcing
Abstract The winter warm Arctic–cold East Asia (WACE) pattern is linked to Arctic sea-ice loss and internal variability. It remains unclear how the interannual Arctic–East Asian teleconnection will change in the future. Using CMIP6 multi-model simulations, we examine whether this teleconnection persists or breaks down under extreme CO₂ forcing. Multiple analyses reveal a weakening of the Arctic–East Asian teleconnection from pre-industrial levels to 4×CO₂, and a recovery under CO₂ removal.
Comprehensive multi-omics analysis of Mengding bud yellow tea in the intangible cultural heritage: insights into taste formation
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Abstract Mengding bud yellow tea (MDBYT) is a renowned Chinese yellow tea characterized by its mellow, umami, and sweet taste. This study integrated flavoromics and metabolomics to investigate dynamic changes in non-volatile metabolites and sensory attributes during traditional “three yellowings and three fryings” processing. Sensory evaluation revealed progressive quality improvement, with the yellowing critical for enhancing umami and sweetness.
By Jingyi Xu, Peida Luo, Mingji Xie, cheng Liu, Xin Li Verified, Jianping Zhao, Changhui Chen, Bo Sun, Chunlei He, Xiao Du, Murong Zheng, Jinlin Bian
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Nature
Verified
Lie Group Analysis of Scaling Law for Domino Toppling Wave Velocity
This version is not peer-reviewed. You are already at the latest version This paper employs the Lie group method of invariants to re-investigate the domino toppling problem. By defining an anisotropic scaling group distinguishing horizontal propagation from vertical gravitational fall, we rigorously derive the universal scaling law \( v=\lambda \sqrt{\frac{g}{h}} f(\frac{\delta}{\lambda}) \) through both finite group transformation and infinitesimal generator approaches.
From Metasynthesis to Emergent Engineering: The Development of Xuesen Qian’s Open Complex Giant Systems Thought in the Era of Large Models
This version is not peer-reviewed.
The DdmDE defense system eradicates plasmids by target-centered bidirectional ssDNA loop extrusion and site-specific cleavage
Keywords Argonaute DdmDE helicase nuclease optical tweezers single molecule Introduction Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays a central role in shaping bacterial evolution by enabling the acquisition of novel genetic traits.1,2,3 However, HGT may also compromise host fitness by facilitating the dissemination of mobile genetic elements (MGEs).
Lie Group Symmetry of Dimensional Analysis
You are already at the latest version This paper aims to reveal the systematic unification of dimensional analysis with scaling Lie group invariants and Lie algebra representation theory, proving that its essence is the symmetry reduction of physical laws under the scaling group (stretching group).
Lie Group Reconstruction of K41 and She-Leveque Scaling Laws in Incompressible Turbulence
You are already at the latest version The multi-scale self-similarity and intermittency in incompressible turbulence fundamentally stem from scaling symmetry and its breaking. Using Lie group and infinitesimal generator theory, this paper algebraically reconstructs the Kolmogorov K41 and She-Leveque (SL) scaling laws as an equivalent mapping of existing phenomenological models rather than a first-principles derivation.
A Lie Group Theoretic Framework for Universal Allometric Scaling
This version is not peer-reviewed. You are already at the latest version The pervasive allometric scaling laws in biology, most notably Kleiber’s law (B ∝ M3/4), conflict with the predictions of classical Euclidean dimensional analysis (B ∝ M2/3). While the West-Brown-Enquist (WBE) model resolved this paradox using hierarchical fractal networks, and Barenblatt’s incomplete similarity formalized the fractional exponents, a rigorous symmetry framework connecting the two has been lacking.
Evaluating designers’ acceptance of AI generated content using TAM and TRI frameworks
Abstract Artificial intelligence technology, based on big data algorithms, can replace much of the repetitive and rule-based work. However, whether AI can substitute the roles of artists or designers in the art and design industry, which prioritizes innovation and originality, remains a focal point of academic debate.
Improved phase demodulation algorithm for a 3 × 3 fiber coupler based on ellipse fitting
The ellipse fitting algorithm (EFA) is widely used to compensate for asymmetric parameters in phase demodulation based on a ${3} \times {3}$ fiber coupler. However, it is prone to demodulation distortion of the measured phase signals under small signal conditions. In this paper, an improved demodulation algorithm, referred to as EFA-C-ATAN, is proposed to enhance demodulation stability and accuracy.
CQMUH-011 mitigated LPS-induced acute lung injury in neonatal rabbits
Abstract Neonatal sepsis-associated acute lung injury (ALI) remains a major clinical challenge. This study investigated the protective effects of a novel small-molecule compound, CQMUH-011, in a neonatal rabbit model of hyper-acute endotoxin shock with secondary ALI. Neonatal rabbits were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (50 mg/kg), followed by CQMUH-011 (75, 225, 675 µg/kg) or dexamethasone (Dex, 1.5 mg/kg) at 0.5 h.
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