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Articles by Daniel Kaufmann
Affinity-matured B cell responses neutralizing type-I interferons underlie severe viral infections
Keywords type-I interferon B cells antibodies COVID-19 autoimmunity Sars-CoV-2 affinity maturation memory B cells severe viral infections Get full text access Log in, subscribe or purchase for full access. References 1. Crow, Y.J. ∙ Casanova, J.-L. Human life within a narrow range: The lethal ups and downs of type I interferons Sci. Immunol. 2024; 9, eadm8185 2. Bastard, P. ∙ Gervais, A. ∙ Le Voyer, T. ...
Widespread gene-environment interactions shape the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Abstract Genome-wide association studies performed in COVID-19 patients have uncovered various loci significantly associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity. However, the underlying cis-regulatory genetic factors contributing to heterogeneity in the response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and their impact on clinical phenotypes remain enigmatic.
Autologous neutralizing antibodies and polyfunctional T cells contribute to long-term HIV-1 post-intervention control - Nature Immunology
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Abstract Antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption typically leads to rapid HIV-1 viral rebound in people with HIV-1. To develop an HIV-1 cure, insight into immunological mechanisms capable of preventing HIV-1 viral rebound is urgently needed. Here, we describe three exceptional post-intervention controllers (PICs) who maintained ART-free virological control for >6.5 years (ongoing), >7.5 years (ongoing) and 2.5 years following administration of broadly neutralizing antibodies.
By Katie Fisher, Giacomo S Frattari, Chloe Naasz, Miriam Rosás-Umbert, Lisa Dietz, Anna Juhl, Rikke Olesen, Mariane H Schleimann, Marie H Pahus, Isik S. Johansen, Merle Henderson, Leah Carrere, Isabelle Roseto, Ce Gao, Xu Yu, Emily J. Fray, Beril Aydin, Jun S. Lai, Francesco Simonetti, Ali Danesh, Itzayana G. Miller, Pilar Mendoza, Julia Niessl, Christian Gaebler, Michael S. Seaman, Daniel Kaufmann, Clara Lehmann, Henning Gruell, Florian Klein, Marina Caskey, Michel C. Nussenzweig, Martin Tolstrup, R. Jones, Jesper D. Gunst, Janet D. Siliciano, Mathias Lichterfeld, Robert F. Siliciano, Ole S. Søgaard, Mauro A. Garcia, Junlin Zhuo, Emma Falling Iversen, Donald Lubbeck
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Nature
Verified
Inflation und Tiefzinsumfeld: Die Nationalbank braucht neue Instrumente
Meinung Inflation und Tiefzinsumfeld – Die Nationalbank braucht neue Instrumente In der Schweiz drohen wieder Negativzinsen. Sie lassen sich verhindern – wenn die Nationalbank den Mut hat, neue Wege zu gehen. Der Schweizer Leitzins liegt wieder einmal bei null. Und wie so oft in den letzten Jahren tut sich die Nationalbank schwer damit, ihr Ziel zu erfüllen, wonach die Inflation in der mittleren Frist zwischen 0 und 2 Prozent liegen soll. Zuletzt betrug die Inflation 0,1 Prozent.
Inflation und Tiefzinsumfeld: Die Nationalbank braucht neue Instrumente
Meinung Inflation und Tiefzinsumfeld – Die Nationalbank braucht neue Instrumente In der Schweiz drohen wieder Negativzinsen. Sie lassen sich verhindern – wenn die Nationalbank den Mut hat, neue Wege zu gehen. Der Schweizer Leitzins liegt wieder einmal bei null. Und wie so oft in den letzten Jahren tut sich die Nationalbank schwer damit, ihr Ziel zu erfüllen, wonach die Inflation in der mittleren Frist zwischen 0 und 2 Prozent liegen soll. Zuletzt betrug die Inflation 0,1 Prozent.
An encounter with Jimmy Carter: Unveiling the Worldwide Governance Indicators
In early May 1999, a high-level conference was held in Atlanta, Georgia on governance in the Americas, attended by heads of state (Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela, among others), senior government officials (the then U.S. Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin), civil society leaders, and a few policy researchers like myself, working at the World Bank at the time. I was under strict instructions from the organizers to limit my presentation to no more than seven slides in seven uninterrupted minutes.
Using virtual patient cohorts to uncover immune response differences in cancer and immunosuppressed COVID-19 patients
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in millions of deaths globally. Adults with immunosuppression (e.g., solid organ transplant recipients) and those undergoing active cancer treatments experience worse infections and more severe COVID-19.
Audacity Needed in Natural Resource Governance:
For decades, the field of natural resource governance (NRG) has been focused on addressing governance challenges associated with the resource curse. For much of that time, the approach was centered around transparency reforms. However, over time, it became clear that transparency, while necessary, did not suffice. Subsequently, more emphasis was given to participatory approaches and the pursuit of accountability.
The Audacity Deficit in Natural Resource Governance
Resource-dependent countries were particularly affected in the aftermath of the pandemic’s onset, faced with falling oil prices, shrinking economies, continuing governance challenges, and ever-increasing pressures of climate change. Historically, the need to address weak natural resource governance (NRG) has pushed conversations on governance, as well as climate change and the need for an energy transition away from fossil fuels, to the forefront.
It’s complicated: Lessons from 25 years of measuring governance
Attempting to quantify governance would be rather complicated if not futile. And in any case, national governance changes very slowly, taking generations. Besides, economic policies drive economic development outcomes. Such views were common 25 years ago when Aart Kraay and I embarked on a research initiative to define and measure governance, which led to the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI).
Tracking the health of the Swiss economy during the Covid-19 crisis
High frequency information needed to assess the state of the economy During the Covid-19 crisis, health departments and statistical agencies started to provide a wealth of daily information on the health situation (e.g. new infections, hospitalizations, or excess mortality).
A Neanderthal OAS1 isoform protects individuals of European ancestry against COVID-19 susceptibility and severity - Nature Medicine
Abstract To identify circulating proteins influencing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility and severity, we undertook a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study, rapidly scanning hundreds of circulating proteins while reducing bias due to reverse causation and confounding.
Transforming natural resource governance: Break silos, sharpen politics
The political dimensions of natural resource governance are more prominent than ever. Rising threats to democracy, including surging populism, repression of civil society, and shifts in global power form an intimidating backdrop. This context will affect the levers of change that those seeking to promote effective natural resource governance must use.
Time to pivot: The role of the energy transition and investors in forging resilient resource-rich country outcomes
At a time when the world is confronting a global pandemic and unprecedented challenges related to climate change and inequality, the natural resource governance field must undertake concrete, urgent, and drastic changes in strategies and tactics to achieve much-needed progress. Here, we outline two core areas that demand focused attention and new ways of thinking: the energy transition and the role of investors.
Business as usual is not an option: The future of natural resource governance
Editor's Note: This is the first in a series of posts on the future of natural resource governance (NRG) that builds upon a virtual October 2020 dialogue co-hosted by the Leveraging Transparency to Reduce Corruption project, the Natural Resource Governance Institute, and the Transparency and Accountability Initiative.
What the pandemic reveals about governance, state capture, and natural resources
The COVID-19 pandemic has laid bare the contrasting strengths and weaknesses in governance and leadership across the globe. Among high-income countries, many European states that have excelled in various governance dimensions, as measured by the annual Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), have also addressed the pandemic well. These include the women-led Germany and the Nordic countries (except for Sweden).
The TAP-Plus approach to anti-corruption in the natural resource value chain
Corruption is a massive global challenge, with the annual cost of bribery alone estimated at over $1.5 trillion. The social and economic consequences are even greater. Corruption inhibits sustainable development and disproportionately harms vulnerable communities. It erodes public confidence and diverts public resources away from important services such as health, education, and infrastructure.
The TAP-Plus approach to anti-corruption in the natural resource value chain
Corruption is a massive global challenge, with the annual cost of bribery alone estimated at over $1.5 trillion. The social and economic consequences are even greater. Corruption inhibits sustainable development and disproportionately harms vulnerable communities. It erodes public confidence and diverts public resources away from important services such as health, education, and infrastructure.
Can we end corruption in oil, gas, and mining?
Twitter Join the conversation on Twitter using #LeveragingTransparency Corruption in extractive industries is a barrier to good governance and sustainable development around the globe. In many resource-rich countries, systemic poverty is exacerbated by endemic corruption. The so-called “resource curse” suggests that some of these countries are actually worse off because of corruption and other consequences of natural resource extraction. But there is hope.
Caremongering en tiempos de coronavirus: Actos espontáneos de altruismo y la solidaridad virtual
Estoy madrugando, recluido en nuestro departamento en un barrio que era hasta hace una semana el vibrante centro de actividades para la juventud en Washington, D.C. Estudio el contenido de cuatro pantallas en frente de mí, intentando comprender los datos sobre la propagación y letalidad del coronavirus alrededor del mundo, mientras converso con un experto en Chile. A él le preocupa la situación allí, con los números de casos que hasta hace poco eran bajos, pero crecen con rapidez.
Caremongering in the time of coronavirus: Random acts of kindness and online enrichment
It is the middle of the night and I am cloistered in my apartment in downtown Washington, D.C. I am facing four screens, including my smartphone, a laptop, a Mac desktop and a large wall monitor. I am trying to make sense of the fast-changing data on the spread and deadliness of the virus around the globe, while talking to an expert in Chile. He is rightly concerned about the situation there, with heretofore low case numbers rapidly increasing.
Combination anti-HIV-1 antibody therapy is associated with increased virus-specific T cell immunity
Abstract Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is highly effective in controlling human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 but requires lifelong medication due to the existence of a latent viral reservoir1,2. Potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) represent a potential alternative or adjuvant to ART. In addition to suppressing viremia, bNAbs may have T cell immunomodulatory effects as seen for other forms of immunotherapy3.
Do sticky wages matter? New evidence from matched firm-survey and register data
Author Abstract This paper provides novel evidence on downward nominal wage rigidities and their allocative effects in Switzerland. We match individual wages from a bi-annual firm survey with information on annual income and employment from social security register data. We relevant downward nominal wage rigidities in the base wage, which accounts for more than 90% of employment income.
Altered differentiation is central to HIV-specific CD4+ T cell dysfunction in progressive disease
Abstract Dysfunction of virus-specific CD4+ T cells in chronic human infections is poorly understood. We performed genome-wide transcriptional analyses and functional assays of CD4+ T cells specific for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from HIV-infected people before and after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). A follicular helper T cell (TFH cell)-like profile characterized HIV-specific CD4+ T cells in viremic infection.
How Latin America Can Use its Natural Resource Wealth Responsibly
Several countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have made progress in recent years in improving transparency standards in the extractive industries. Despite their efforts, results in the sector remain uneven, and challenges persist in ensuring good governance. Meanwhile, several corruption cases, many of them associated with the management of natural resources, have dominated public debate in the region. The Lava Jato case, which involved senior executives of Petrobras, is just one example.
New data on governance of national oil companies: Why transparency and oversight matter
National oil companies (NOCs) are in the headlines a lot of late. In preparation for a $15 billion bond offer, Saudi Aramco disclosed its financial statements for the first time, showing that it is the world’s most profitable company.
Annotated Bibliography: Transparency, accountability, and participation along the natural resource value chain
The Leveraging Transparency to Reduce Corruption project (LTRC) is pleased to share an annotated bibliography (AB) of more than 150 books, papers, tools/datasets, and other resources addressing transparency, accountability, and participation (TAP) efforts along the natural resource value chain. We have also included work that addresses the contextual factors that enable or constrain the effectiveness of TAP approaches.
Era of Big Oil Secrecy is Over
Earlier this month, the European Union (EU) took a decisive step towards transparency: It agreed to mandate publicly-listed European companies as well as large private firms to disclose their payments to governments for oil, gas and mining projects. This transparency is crucial in the fight for better governance of resource-rich countries.
What makes an accountable state-owned enterprise?
It is no accident that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have been at the center of many of the world’s biggest corruption scandals—from Brazil’s “car wash” money laundering scandal involving Petrobras to devastating mining deals in the Democratic Republic of Congo. These companies sit at the intersection of complex, billion-dollar commercial activities and the dealmaking and rent allocation powers of the state and political elites. Their missions often include a broad mix of contradictory goals.
US credibility suffers in exit from extractives transparency pact
Concerned citizens of the world have become accustomed to unsettling headlines, but one in particular last Thursday signalled a serious,...
Measuring the ups and downs of governance
The 2017 update of the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) was published today. The WGI are a set of composite indicators covering six dimensions of governance for over 200 countries over the two decades from 1996 to 2016: Voice and Accountability; Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism; Government Effectiveness; Regulatory Quality; Rule of Law; and Control of Corruption.
Afghanistan | Data
The Human Capital Index (HCI) database provides data at the country level for each of the components of the Human Capital Index as well as for the overall index, disaggregated by gender. The index measures the amount of human capital that a child born today can expect to attain by age 18, given the risks of poor health and poor education that prevail in the country where she lives.
Close to home: The critical importance of subnational governance in oil, gas, and mining | Brookings Institution
For years, economists and political scientists have studied and advised national governments throughout the world on how to optimize natural resource revenues for long-term development. A major challenge often unaddressed by development plans is the governance of extraction by communities closest to a mine or oil and gas field. Usually, national governments negotiate extraction contracts with companies and collect revenues.
Era of Big Oil secrecy is over
Big oil companies should stop attacking transparency or risk damaging their reputations Earlier this month, the European Union (EU) took a decisive step towards transparency: It agreed to mandate publicly-listed European companies as well as large private firms to disclose their payments to governments for oil, gas and mining projects. This transparency is crucial in the fight for better governance of resource-rich countries.
London anti-corruption summit yields global commitments
Corruption is way too easy in many places. Weak capacity, or will, to control it is the challenge. There is a tendency to associate corruption with less developed countries. However, as Mo Ibrahim points out, high-income countries have gifted the corrupt all manner of ways to hide their money. Corruption is a worldwide reality, one that afflicts — and originates in — the public and private sectors of industrialised, emerging and developing countries.
From Panama to London: Legal and illegal corruption require action at the UK anti-corruption summit
The leaked information in the Panama Papers from the law firm Mossack Fonseca has captured the headlines for weeks and will continue to do so as further names are exposed. The scandal has placed Panama in the limelight and provided an unprecedented glimpse into the world of hidden money and tax avoidance.
Seizing the governance moment: The pope, Sustainable Development Goals, and data
In his papacy, Pope Francis is powerfully conveying important messages on governance to leaders and citizens of all persuasions, addressing poverty, inequality, and discrimination. In his special address to the United States Congress yesterday—a governance moment—the pope called for tolerance toward immigrants and people of all religious and ethnic backgrounds, and for the abolition of the death penalty.
Aurora and the U.S. Obsession with Guns: Leadership Wanted to Fight Political Capture
The terrifying massacre during last Thursday’s midnight premiere of “Dark Knight Rises” in Aurora, Colorado, is yet another reminder that guns kill many. It is also a reminder that American politicians have failed to act on gun control. Most other industrialized countries as well as emerging ones, and their citizens, understand that guns and semi-automatic assault weapons kill. And unlike the United States, they have passed laws controlling sale and use of these weapons.
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