Fan Bu
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Articles by Fan Bu
A robust and accurate two-sample Mendelian randomization method with a large number of genetic variants
Abstract Horizontal pleiotropy poses challenges in Mendelian randomization (MR) by biasing causal estimates, particularly when using numerous instrumental variables (IVs). We propose MRZ, a method that leverages IV-outcome association z-scores modeled as a mixture distribution to distinguish causal effects from IV-specific pleiotropy.
A small molecule inhibits Ebola virus entry through glycoprotein stabilization
Abstract Ebola virus (EBOV) causes outbreaks with high fatality rates, yet potent small-molecule inhibitors targeting EBOV glycoprotein (GP) remain limited. Here, using DNA-encoded chemical libraries, we screen 4.73 billion compounds against EBOV GP and, through stereochemical optimization, identify MWAC-3634. This compound binds GP with high affinity (Kd=40.7 nM), potently neutralizes infection (IC₅₀ = 0.65 nM), shows no detectable cytotoxicity, and exhibits favorable pharmacokinetics in mice.
Sustainable Artificial Intelligence Adoption in E7 Economies: The Roles of Education, Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth and Carbon Emissions
Data Availability Statement The data can be obtained from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. References , , and . 2025. “Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Energy Development: A Review of Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.” International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 6, no. 2: 196–203. https://doi.org/10.54660/.IJMRGE.2025.6.2.196-203. , , and . 2024.
Correction: Stress-responsive membrane proteins as execution nodes of tumor cell adaptation to microenvironmental stress
Correction to: Oncogene https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-026-03768-y, published online 06 April 2026 In this article, the author’s name Fan Bu was incorrectly written as Fang Bu. The original article has been corrected. About this article He, X., Huang, T., Wang, Z. et al. Correction: Stress-responsive membrane proteins as execution nodes of tumor cell adaptation to microenvironmental stress. Oncogene (2026).
Swelling-induced strain-isolation for stretchable and breathable integrated electronics
Abstract Wearable electronics hold great promise for health management and chronic disease monitoring, yet their widespread applications are limited by insufficient stretchability, breathability, and mechano-electrical stability. Herein, we report a swelling-induced modulus design that enables the construction of breathable and strain-isolated substrates for integrated electronics.
Computer Science > Machine Learning
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HIV infection exacerbates ischemic brain injury through dysregulating phagocytosis and neuroinflammatory signals in macrophages/microglia via C1ql2
Abstract The incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals is greater, and outcomes are worse following cerebral stroke, despite widespread access to antiretroviral therapy. As the major reservoir of HIV, resident microglia and infiltrative macrophages in the brain can be aberrantly activated by HIV after stroke. However, the underlying reason driving these pathological processes in poststroke brain injury remains unclear.
Particulate matter emissions from the iron and steel industry of China: Patterns, drivers, and implications
ABSTRACT The iron and steel industry is a major PM emitter. Using data from 99 Chinese sites, an LMDI model is applied to decompose PM emission changes into five process‑specific factors: steel output, energy consumption intensity, waste gas generation coefficient, stack emission concentration, and fugitive emission factor, separating stack from fugitive emissions. Nationally, PM emissions declined 23.6% from 2011–2016.
Plasma HERV-K envelopE RNA: a minimally invasive biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma detection and prognostic assessment in the context of conventional serum tumor markers
Abstract Introduction: Early detection of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains challenging because low-dose computed tomography produces many false-positive pulmonary nodules and conventional serum tumor markers show histology-dependent diagnostic performance. We investigated whether plasma HERV-K env mRNA could serve as a minimally invasive biomarker for subtype-specific diagnosis and prognostic assessment in lung cancer.
Improved modulus-based matrix splitting iteration methods with parallel version for solving implicit complementarity problems
Advanced search Optimization A Journal of Mathematical Programming and Operations Research Latest Articles Submit an article Journal homepage Full Article Figures & data References Citations Metrics Reprints & Permissions Read this article /doi/full/10.1080/02331934.2026.2686975?needAccess=true Abstract Improved modulus-based matrix splitting iteration methods further advance the modulus-based matrix splitting iteration methods and the fast modulus-based matrix splitting iteration methods.
Three-dimensional printing of multilayer stretchable electronics with inclined interconnect accesses
Abstract Multilayer stretchable electronics offer revolutionary potential for next-generation smart wearables, soft robotics and human-machine interfaces, but they face considerable challenges in achieving reliable three-dimensional (3D) interconnections with satisfied stretchability, stability and manufacturing efficiency. Herein, we report additive manufactured (3D printed) multilayer stretchable electronics with unpunched inclined interconnect accesses.
Comparative Cardiovascular Effectiveness of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health issue affecting >500 million people worldwide,1 with patients facing a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) compared with those without T2DM.2,3 In recent years, treatment options for T2DM have expanded considerably with the development of newer second-line medications.
Update and reuse: Structure-guided nanobody evolution against SARS-CoV-2 escape
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article ? This is an uncorrected proof. Citation: Bu F, Saxena D, Turner-Hubbard H, Delaney A, Batra L, Fricke C, et al. (2026) Update and reuse: Structure-guided nanobody evolution against SARS-CoV-2 escape. PLoS Pathog 22(5): e1014223.
p53 Pathway-Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Glioblastoma: A CNS-Specific Framework Integrating Therapeutic Resistance, Molecular Stratification, CNS Pharmacology, and Clinical Translation
Back to Journals » Drug Design, Development and Therapy » Volume 20 Authors Bu F , Zeng S, Ma C, Zhang M Received 16 May 2026 Accepted for publication 25 July 2026 Published 14 August 2026 Volume 2026:20 509447 DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S509447 Checked for plagiarism Yes Review by Single anonymous peer review Peer reviewer comments 3 Editor who approved publication: Professor Tamer Ibrahim Fan Bu,1 Shulin Zeng,2,* Chao Ma,3,* Mingbo Zhang3 1Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen...
A multi-omics risk score enables early and personalized screening for type 2 diabetes: A population-based cohort study
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declare that they have no competing interests. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT The data supporting this study are available from UK Biobank (http://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/). Supporting Information Filename Description dme70323-sup-0001-Figures.pdfPDF document, 7.8 MB Figure S1. Selection of characteristic variables. (a) Manhattan plot of type 2 diabetes genetic association signals. (b) Comparison of risk scores for different protein, metabolite constructs.
Real-world evidence for comparative safety of second-line antihyperglycemic agents in older adults with type 2 diabetes
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Abstract As prescribing of newer antihyperglycemic agents expands, there remains limited comparative safety data for older adults—a population particularly vulnerable to adverse drug events and underrepresented in clinical trials. We conduct a multinational cohort study using nine databases from the U.S. and Europe. Among adults aged ≥65, we compare eighteen safety outcomes across four classes of second-line antihyperglycemic agents.
By Chungsoo Kim, Fan Bu, Clair Blacketer, Anna Ostropolets, Talita Duarte-Salles, Benjamin Viernes, Thomas Falconer, Andrea Pistillo, Jing Li, Can Yin, Mui Van Zandt, Paul Nagy, Akihiko Nishimura, Evan Minty, Seng Chan You, Mitsuaki Sawano, Shoko Sawano, Ja Young Jeon, Arya Aminorroaya, Lovedeep S Dhingra, Aline F Pedroso, Phyllis Thangaraj, David A. Dorr, Nicole Pratt, Kenneth K. C. Man, Wallis C. Y. Lau, Daniel Morales, Rohan Khera, Martijn J Schuemie, Patrick Ryan, George Hripcsak, Harlan M. Krumholz, Marc A. Suchard, Yuan Lu
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Nature
Verified
Inflammaging and neurovascular unit dysfunction in cognitive ageing: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic opportunities
Abstract Age-related cognitive decline is increasingly recognised as arising from interacting immune and neurovascular vulnerabilities rather than from isolated insults. In this Review, we synthesise current human and mechanistic evidence within a convergence framework in which inflammaging and neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction are conceptualised as a feedback-coupled system.
Next-Generation Pharmacotherapy for Depressive Disorders: From Novel Compounds to Optimized Use of Available Drugs
Introduction Depressive disorders remain among the most consequential conditions in global mental health because they combine high prevalence with recurrent suffering, functional loss, and considerable long-term burden for patients, families, and health systems.1 Although the pharmacological armamentarium for depression has expanded substantially over the past several decades, routine clinical care still falls short of what many patients need.
Neuroinflammation and NeuroHIV: understanding the role of HIV-1 related factors in microglial activation
Abstract NeuroHIV has emerged as a significant unmet challenge, manifesting as impairments in learning, memory, sensorimotor, and language in people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy, the incidence of NeuroHIV remains high among PLWH. Microglial cells, as the main targets and reservoirs for HIV-1 infection, play crucial roles in sustaining HIV-1 persistence and contributing to neuroinflammation and neuroHIV pathogenesis.
Structures of Marburgvirus glycoprotein and its complex with NPC1 receptor
Abstract Marburgviruses (MBVs) cause severe haemorrhagic fever with higher fatality rates than Ebola virus (EBOV)1,2,3,4. Here we show that the MBV glycoprotein (GP) mediates viral entry more efficiently than EBOV GP. Using cryo-EM, we determined structures of MBV GP in three states: (1) unbound; (2) bound to its endosomal receptor NPC1; and (3) complexed with a neutralizing nanobody.
Targeted muscle reinnervation attenuates neuropathic pain and neuroma development in a rat model of tibial nerve transection
Abstract Background: Peripheral nerve injuries often lead to painful neuroma formation and chronic neuropathic pain, and the optimal surgical strategy for prevention remains debated. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR), regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces (RPNI), and nerve-in-muscle implantation (NIM) are surgical techniques developed to mitigate neuroma-related pain, but their relative efficacy has not been compared systematically.
Digital Biomarkers for Precision Early Detection of Lung Cancer: Integrating AI‐Driven Multi‐Omics Into Clinical Pathways
1 Introduction Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, driven by a critical lack of robust early detection tools and profound tumour heterogeneity [1]. Although low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening reduces mortality, its clinical implementation faces substantial limitations—including high false-positive rates and overdiagnosis—restricting widespread adoption [2].
A highly potent and broadly accessible bispecific nanobody for the treatment of ebola virus infections
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article ? This is an uncorrected proof. Citation: Bu F, Ye G, Morsheimer K, Turner-Hubbard H, Eaton B, Anantpadma M, et al. (2026) A highly potent and broadly accessible bispecific nanobody for the treatment of ebola virus infections. PLoS Pathog 22(1): e1013878.
Identifying correlates of viral rebound timing and viral control in SHIV-infected infant macaques after ART interruption
Editor’s summary To test whether a therapeutic approach for HIV infection could be curative, people living with HIV need to undergo an analytical treatment interruption (ATI) where they stop taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although adults can volunteer for such studies, they are ethically tricky to conduct in pediatric populations. Here, Obregon-Perko et al. asked whether a preclinical pediatric nonhuman primate model might offer insights into features associated with viral control.
Structural basis of measles virus polymerase inhibition by nonnucleoside inhibitor ERDRP-0519 - Nature Communications
Abstract ERDRP-0519 is a potent nonnucleoside inhibitor active against measles virus (MeV) and other Morbilliviruses. Here we report cryo-EM structures of the compound bound to MeV polymerase complexes at 2.73 Å and 2.48 Å resolution, revealing a unique binding pocket in the RdRp palm subdomain that overlaps the catalytic GDN motif. These findings clarify the basis of resistance mutations, including W671, and provide a foundation for designing next-generation Paramyxovirus antivirals.
Forecasting Inland Waterway Container on Barge Volume: A Machine Learning Approach Using Economic Features
?Mathematical formulae have been encoded as MathML and are displayed in this HTML version using MathJax in order to improve their display. Uncheck the box to turn MathJax off. This feature requires Javascript. Click on a formula to zoom. ABSTRACT This study presents a machine learning approach to predict Container-on-Barge (COB) volume in Inland Waterway Transportation (IWT) systems, focusing exclusively on using economic features as predictors.
Association of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D with sarcopenic obesity risk: a longitudinal observational study from the UK Biobank
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declared no conflicts of interest. Supporting Information Filename Description oby24286-sup-0001-Tables.pdfPDF document, 125.6 KB TABLE S1. Baseline characteristics of individuals with follow-up data and those without follow-up data. TABLE S2. Subgroup analysis of the association of serum 25(OH) D concentration with risk of SO incidence. TABLE S3.
Bio-inspired hormonic electrolyte: negative feedback for ultra-stable zinc anodes
Bio-inspired hormonic electrolyte: negative feedback for ultra-stable zinc anodes Zn-based batteries have been considered as promising alternatives for Li-ion batteries, in terms of high safety, low cost and rich natural resources. Unfortunately, their practical application is greatly limited by irreversible dendrite growth and low utilization of Zn. We overcome these issues by implementing a self-regulating negative feedback electrolyte, mimicking hormone in the coagulation system.
Cryo-EM structure of Sudan ebolavirus glycoprotein complexed with its human endosomal receptor NPC1 - Communications Biology
Abstract Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV), like Ebola ebolavirus (EBOV), poses a significant threat to global health and security due to its high lethality. However, unlike EBOV, there are no approved vaccines or treatments for SUDV, and its structural interaction with the endosomal receptor NPC1 remains unclear. This study compares the glycoproteins of SUDV and EBOV (in their proteolytically primed forms) and their binding to human NPC1 (hNPC1).
‘We cannot, nor do we have the right to speak forgiveness for the grandmothers’: a study of visitor comment books at the Chinese Comfort Women Historical Museum in Shanghai
ABSTRACT This research underscores the critical role of museums in interpreting difficult heritage and fostering public reflection. By examining visitor comment books at the Chinese Comfort Women Historical Museum in Shanghai, this study analyses visitor perceptions and responses to the difficult history associated with war and historical atrocities.
3D Multi-Phase Sub-Pixel PSF Estimation Based on Space Debris Detection System
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Diagnostic Efficacy of Various Imaging Modalities Across Different Stages of Prostate Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Studies
The authors have declared no competing interest. Jilin Province Tianhua Health Foundation (J2023JKJ017) I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.
The Individual Division of Food Hoarding in Autumn Brandt’s Voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)
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Forest Change Monitoring Based on Block Instance Sampling and Homomorphic Hypothesis Margin Evaluation
1. Introduction Forests serve multiple critical functions, including soil protection against wind and precipitation, regulation of air and water cycles, and mitigation of environmental pollution impacts on human health. The destruction of forests leads to several detrimental ecological consequences: enhanced runoff and erosion, diminished biodiversity, and contributions to global warming [1].
Dual-role epitope on SARS-CoV-2 spike enhances and neutralizes viral entry across different variants
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article ? This is an uncorrected proof. Citation: Ye G, Bu F, Pan R, Mendoza A, Saxena D, Zheng J, et al. (2024) Dual-role epitope on SARS-CoV-2 spike enhances and neutralizes viral entry across different variants. PLoS Pathog 20(9): e1012493. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1012493 Editor: Félix A. Rey, Institut Pasteur, FRANCE Received: April 10, 2024; Accepted: August 9, 2024; Published: September 5, 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Ye et al.
Natural Foraging Selection and Gut Microecology of Two Subterranean Rodents from the Eurasian Steppe in China
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Universal subunit vaccine protects against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants and SARS-CoV - npj Vaccines
Abstract Although Omicron RBD of SARS-CoV-2 accumulates many mutations, the backbone region (truncated RBD) of spike protein is highly conserved.
Activation of Cerebral Ras-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate (Rac) 1 Promotes Post-Ischemic Stroke Functional Recovery in Aged Mice
Abstract Brain functional impairment after stroke is common; however, the molecular mechanisms of post-stroke recovery remain unclear. It is well-recognized that age is the most important independent predictor of poor outcomes after stroke as older patients show poorer functional outcomes following stroke. Mounting evidence suggests that axonal regeneration and angiogenesis, the major forms of brain plasticity responsible for post-stroke recovery, diminished with advanced age.
Structural basis for raccoon dog receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article ? This is an uncorrected proof. Citation: Hsueh F-C, Shi K, Mendoza A, Bu F, Zhang W, Aihara H, et al. (2024) Structural basis for raccoon dog receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2. PLoS Pathog 20(5): e1012204. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1012204 Editor: Tyler N. Starr, University of Utah, UNITED STATES Received: February 7, 2024; Accepted: April 17, 2024; Published: May 6, 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Hsueh et al.
Comparative safety and effectiveness of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and thiazides and thiazide‐like diuretics under strict monotherapy
1 BACKGROUND Current guidance for specific first-line antihypertensive medication is limited, based largely on expert opinion due to lacking clinical trials comparing various medications and drug classes.1 Previously, Suchard et al.2 generated hazard ratios (HR) comparing risks for new initiators of different drug classes for various safety and effectiveness outcomes with evidence demonstrating better primary effectiveness and safety for the class of thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics,...
Backside Coating for Stable Zn Anode with High Utilization Rate
Stable Zn anodes with high utilization rate are urgently required to promote the specific and volumetric energy densities of Zn-ion batteries for practical applications. Herein, contrary to the widely utilized surface coating on Zn anodes, we show that a zinc foil with a backside coated layer delivers much enhanced cycling stability even under high depth of discharge.
Double-sided engineering for space-confined reversible Zn anode
Double-sided engineering for space-confined reversible Zn anode Achieving stable Zn anode with high depth of discharge (DOD) will promote the energy density of rechargeable Zn-ion batteries for practical applications, but still remains a great challenge.
Bio‐Inspired Trace Hydroxyl‐Rich Electrolyte Additives for High‐Rate and Stable Zn‐Ion Batteries at Low Temperatures
Supporting Information As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors.
Controlling Effects of Nanocomposite Sterilant ND-1 on the Growth of Wild Populations of Midday Gerbil (Meriones meridianus)
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Bayesian safety surveillance with adaptive bias correction
1 INTRODUCTION Mass vaccination is a cornerstone of effective disease control.1-4 Addressing any safety concerns over new vaccine products is therefore essential. Despite preapproval clinical trials that ensure vaccine effectiveness and safety, rare but severe adverse events often go undetected due to limited sample sizes and statistical power. Postapproval safety surveillance is thus a critical component of mass vaccination programs.
Ionic wind velocity and energy efficiency improvement in needle-net ionic wind generator by electrical field optimization
Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.
Ezrin regulates the progression of NSCLC by YAP and PD-L1
Fan Bu [1] ; Yeping Zhang [1] ; Ning Zhao [1] ; Xiaoai Tian [1] ; Yirong Xu [1] [1] Pathology Department of Shanxi Medical University Fenyang College, No.16, Xueyuan Road, Fenyang City, 032200, Shanxi Province, China Localización: Clinical & translational oncology, ISSN 1699-048X, Vol. 25, Nº. 7 (July), 2023, págs.
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