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Articles by Ke Sun
Ocean acidification reshapes phytoplankton phosphorus metabolism under phosphate-limited conditions
Abstract Phosphorus (P) availability constrains marine productivity, yet how ocean acidification interacts with intensifying phosphate limitation remains unresolved. Here we present multi-omics analyses of >1,000 generations of experimental diatom evolution to disentangle evolutionary and acclimation-driven responses to ocean acidification under different phosphate regimes.
ARMA-Design: Optimal Treatment Allocation Strategies for A/B Testing in Partially Observable Experiments
?Mathematical formulae have been encoded as MathML and are displayed in this HTML version using MathJax in order to improve their display. Uncheck the box to turn MathJax off. This feature requires Javascript. Click on a formula to zoom. Abstract Online experiments are frequently employed in technological companies to evaluate the performance of a newly developed policy, product, or treatment relative to a baseline control.
Mitochondrial DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus: pathogenic mechanisms, clinical biomarkers, and precision therapeutic strategies
Abstract Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is increasingly recognized as an active driver of immune dysregulation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet most existing reviews treat it as a single damage signal rather than a multifunctional pathological mediator. This review presents an integrated framework examining mtDNA as a central hub linking mitochondrial dysfunction to systemic autoimmunity.
Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of hepatitis B incidence rate in China
Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a persistent public health challenge in China, with significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in incidence. This study aimed to examine regional disparities in hepatitis B incidence, explore its spatiotemporal evolution patterns, and analyze the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of associated factors across China, using incidence data from 2008 to 2023.
GPC3-specific dnTGFβRII-armoured CAR T cells for hepatocellular carcinoma
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Abstract Glypican-3 (GPC3) is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), making it an attractive target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy; however, this approach has previously shown limited clinical efficacy, potentially owing to high levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) in the tumour microenvironment1,2,3,4. We therefore engineered CAR T cells with a dominant-negative TGFβ receptor II, which showed enhanced antitumour activity in preclinical studies5.
By Qi Zhang, Qihan Fu, Yinan Shen, Wanyue Cao, Gaowei Jin, Yize Zhang, Jiangchao Wu, Cao Chen, Xingyuan Xu, Ke Sun, Xing Xue, Nick Durham, Mark Cobbold, Yixin Hao, Yi Hong, Jiaqi Huang, Michael Humphries, Gordon Moody, John Stone, Lingyan Sun, Eric Tu, Fei Wang, Yihong Yao, Andy Zou, Xueli Bai, Tingbo Liang, Hongkan Wang, Attilio Bondanza, Daisy Cao, Nina Chu, Benedetto Farsaci, Qijie Jian, Fuzhe Wang
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Nature
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Clinical-Radiomics Model Based on T2-Weighted and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Images on Predicting “Double Gray Zone” Prostate Cancer of PSA and PI-RADS
MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study received approval from our Institutional Review Board (Ethics approval number: [2022] K131), and patient imaging data were anonymized before the study. This study retrospectively analyzed the imaging and clinical data of patients who underwent prostate MRI at the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between June 2020 and June 2024.
Family Sport Involvement and Adolescent Prosocial Behavior: A Latent Profile Analysis
Introduction Prosocial behavior significantly facilitates adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment,1 and psychological well-being.2 Furthermore, empirical evidence highlights that prosocial tendencies exert a strong positive impact on subsequent academic achievement and social preferences.3,4 However, during early adolescence, sport participation,5 predominantly unfolds within family and school contexts.
Computer Science > Cryptography and Security
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Droplet removal by capillary lifting
Abstract The removal of liquid droplets from solid surfaces is central to cleaning, coatings and oil recovery. While dewetting in binary fluid systems has been widely studied, the mechanisms governing dewetting in ternary systems involving an immiscible working liquid remain poorly understood. Here we show that a rising working liquid can capillary lift droplets into bridges extending from the solid surface to the air interface, leading to full, partial, or no droplet removal.
Paper-Based Electrochemical Aptasensor Chip for Ultrasensitive Glyphosate Detection Enabled by MXene–Au and Au@NiCo LDH Nanozyme Amplification
Y.Yang, H.Sun, K.Sun, et al. “Paper-Based Electrochemical Aptasensor Chip for Ultrasensitive Glyphosate Detection Enabled by MXene–Au and Au@NiCo LDH Nanozyme Amplification.” ELECTROPHORESIS (2026): . https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.70106 Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Lithium carbonate bridging and outcomes of radioiodine therapy in severe Graves’ disease: a retrospective cohort study
Abstract Objective: This study evaluated whether a short−term lithium carbonate bridging therapy was associated with improved outcomes of subsequent radioiodine (RAI) therapy in patients with severe Graves’ disease during the high−risk interval after antithyroid drug (ATD) cessation. Methods: In this single−center retrospective cohort, adults with severe Graves’ disease undergoing RAI were included.
Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence
arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs.
Interpreting tissue stiffening with lung tumorigenesis by imaging architectural resembling of extracellular matrix components
Abstract Lung cancer leads to a series of physiological abnormalities. The remodeling of extracellular matrix (especially elastin and collagen fibers) has been drawing increasing attention as it is suggested to be a hallmark of tumorigenesis. However, the interaction between these crucial matrix components, together with their relationship to mechanical changes, remains poorly understood.
Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence
arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs.
Conductive coordination nanozyme prodrugs precisely trigger pyroptosis, cuproptosis and ferroptosis for in situ cancer vaccination
Abstract Pyroptosis, which rapidly releases cellular contents through pyroptotic pores, is an ideal method for inducing in situ cancer vaccines, evoking systemic antitumor immunity, and suppressing primary and metastatic tumors.
AI-driven feature recognition of SEM profiles in deep reactive ion etching based on physics-constrained variational autoencoder - Microsystems & Nanoengineering
Abstract Deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) is critical for fabricating high-aspect-ratio structures in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), yet its complex, parameter-dependent process poses significant optimization challenges. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers an efficient optimization solution, but its implementation faces the technical challenge of acquiring large-scale data from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, the standard for evaluating DRIE etching outcomes.
Atomic‐Mesoscale Synergy in Amorphous Iridium Oxide Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
1 Introduction The exploration of amorphous functional materials represents a pivotal frontier in advanced electrocatalysis [1,2], owing to their distinctive structural flexibility, abundant defective sites, and functional properties often unattainable in crystalline systems. Their long-range disordered atomic arrangement confers notable activity advantages in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) [3-5], a critical process for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs).
BRAT1 gene compound heterozygous mutations causing lethal neonatal rigidity and multifocal seizure syndrome: a case report
CASE REPORT article Volume 14 - 2026 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2026.1694328 1 Introduction The BRCA1-associated ataxia telangiectasia mutated activator 1 (BRAT1) gene, located on chromosome 7 (7p22.3), encodes a protein that plays a critical role in DNA damage response through its interactions with BRCA1 and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) (1). Additional roles include p53-mediated apoptosis, cell growth signaling, and mitochondrial homeostasis (2).
Marine Hydrocarbon Accumulation Conditions and Exploration Direction in the Northeastern Margin of Awati Depression, Tarim Basin, NW China
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. References , , , , , and . 2024. “Sedimentary Characteristics of the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation and the Organic Matter Enrichment Model in the Tarim Basin.” Geoscience 38, no. 5: 1258–1269. , , , et al. 2025.
Stretching and Compressing Capillary Bridges on Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic, and Liquid-Infused Surfaces
Capillary Bridge between Identical Parallel Surfaces To build a basic understanding of the capillary behavior on distinct surfaces, we begin by comparing capillary bridges between identical top and bottom surfaces, ranging from the hydrophilic Glass surface, to the hydrophobic DMS-functionalized surface, and the LIS. For clarity, hydrophilic Glass surface and DMS-functionalized surface will hereafter be referred to as “Glass” and “DMS” respectively.
Riverine emission of small plastic particles from Yangtze River into the ocean - Communications Earth & Environment
Abstract Rivers are major pathways for terrigenous plastics to the ocean, yet the spatio-temporal variability of plastic flux remains poorly quantified. Here, we conducted annual field monitoring of plastic particle fluxes in the Yangtze River, accounting for both vertical and horizontal variations in plastic distribution within the estuary. Microplastics were ubiquitous but exhibited spatial and temporal heterogeneity.
Broken Systems, Stolen Futures: Corruption, Weak Governance, and Accountability Failures in Africa's Sustainable Development Crisis
References , and . 2012. “Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty.” ASEAN Economic Bulletin 29: 168. , , and . 2023. “Environmental Sustainability and Regulatory Quality in Emerging Economies: Empirical Evidence From Eastern European Region.” Journal of the Knowledge Economy 14, no. 3: 3290–3326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-022-01000-2. , , , and . 2025.
De novo designed voltage-gated anion channels suppress neuron firing
Keywords de novo protein design transmembrane protein voltage-gated ion channel ion selectivity conformational changes deep learning chloride channel cryogenic electron microscopy neuronal firing tunable ion selectivity and voltage sensitivity Get full text access Log in, subscribe or purchase for full access. References 1. Joh, N.H. ∙ Wang, T. ∙ Bhate, M.P. ... De novo design of a transmembrane Zn2+-transporting four-helix bundle Science. 2014; 346:1520-1524 2. Lu, P. ∙ Min, D. ∙ DiMaio, F. ...
Neoadjuvant nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine followed by modified FOLFIRINOX for resectable pancreatic cancer: A randomized phase 3 trial
Keywords resectable pancreatic cancer neoadjuvant therapy nab-paclitaxel FOLFIRINOX randomized controlled trial Get full text access Log in, subscribe or purchase for full access. References 1. Bray, F. ∙ Laversanne, M. ∙ Sung, H. ... Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries CA Cancer J. Clin. 2024; 74:229-263 2. Springfeld, C. ∙ Ferrone, C.R. ∙ Katz, M.H.G. ... Neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol.
Time-resolved fluorescent proteins expand fluorescent microscopy in temporal and spectral domains
Main text (Cell 188, ◼◼◼–◼◼◼.e1–e14; November 26, 2025) In Figure S7E of the initially published version of this article, we, the authors, presented three STED images of oxSGN137G-NUP50, intending to calculate the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of nuclear pore complex (NPC). The quantification result was further illustrated in Figure S7F. However, we identified that the second and third STED images were inadvertently acquired from the same cell, rather than from two independent cells.
Effects of sprint interval training compared to high intensity interval training on repeated sprint capacity and sport-specific performance in college-aged male tennis players
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Citation: Fan J, Sun K, Liu X, Zhu T, Li Y (2025) Effects of sprint interval training compared to high intensity interval training on repeated sprint capacity and sport-specific performance in college-aged male tennis players. PLoS One 20(9): e0332705.
Experimental and simulation study on a novel photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) system with enhanced combined thermal and electrical efficiency
ABSTRACT The Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) system represents an advanced integrated heat and power solution, wherein the combined thermal and electrical efficiency correlates strongly with the heat transfer medium’s temperature within the PVT collector. This investigation utilizes experimental methodology and CFD-FLUENT simulation, employing water as the heat transfer medium.
Quantum simulation of spin-boson models with structured bath - Nature Communications
Abstract The spin-boson model, involving spins interacting with a bath of quantum harmonic oscillators, is a widely used representation of open quantum systems that describe many dissipative processes in physical, chemical and biological systems. Trapped ions present an ideal platform for simulating the quantum dynamics of such models, by accessing both the high-quality internal qubit states and the motional modes of the ions for spins and bosons, respectively.
Comparison of Transcriptome Differences in Scales of Two Closely Related Snake Species (Lycodon rufozonatus and Lycodon rosozonatus)
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Correction: An extralingual Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor with RREB1::MRTFB fusion: a rare case report of plantar fascia involvement - Diagnostic Pathology
Correction: An extralingual Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor with RREB1::MRTFB fusion: a rare case report of plantar fascia involvement Correction Open access Published: 21 March 2025 Diagnostic Pathology volume 20, Article number: 30 (2025) Cite this article The Original Article was published on 28 February 2025 Correction: diagnostic pathology 20, 24 (2025) Following publication of the original article [1], the authors noticed some errors in Table 3 and requested to update as follows.
Genetically encoding ε-N-methacryllysine into proteins in live cells - Nature Communications
Abstract Lysine acylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification (PTM) that plays pivotal roles in various cellular processes, such as transcription, metabolism, protein localization and folding. Thousands of lysine acylation sites have been identified based on advances in antibody enrichment strategies, highly sensitive analysis by mass spectrometry (MS), and bioinformatics. However, only 27 lysine methacrylation (Kmea) sites have been identified exclusively in histone proteins.
Iterative glycosylation on a single residue of a mature lasso peptide
Iterative glycosylation on a single residue of a mature lasso peptide† Iterative catalysis is a unique characteristic of the biosynthesis of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) to boost structural and biological diversity. Lasso peptides are an abundant class of RiPPs featuring lariat knot structures, which pose obstacles to iterative post-translational modifications (PTMs) after macrocyclization.
Highly efficient and durable anode catalyst layer constructed with deformable hollow IrOx nanospheres in low‐iridium PEM water electrolyzer
Supporting Information As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors.
Habitat Integrity Challenges for the Chinese Alligator Amid Land Occupation by Human: Pathways for Protection
1 Introduction Habitat integrity plays a vital role in the survival, gene exchange, and extinction risk of endangered animals (Li et al. 2024). Wetlands, key habitats for reptiles (Roe and Georges 2007), are being replaced by artificial landscapes due to rapid economic and social development (Salviano et al. 2021), which results in serious challenges to the habitat integrity of endangered animals.
Adaptive Extended Kalman Prediction-Based SDN-FANET Segmented Hybrid Routing Scheme
1. Introduction By multiple maneuverable and flexible unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and benefiting from the rapid development of wireless communication technologies, flying ad hoc network (FANET) has attracted considerable attention for its strong survivability, multi-task execution capability, and rapid task switching capability [1,2].
De novo design of transmembrane fluorescence-activating proteins - Nature
Abstract The recognition of ligands by transmembrane proteins is essential for the exchange of materials, energy and information across biological membranes. Progress has been made in the de novo design of transmembrane proteins1,2,3,4,5,6, as well as in designing water-soluble proteins to bind small molecules7,8,9,10,11,12, but de novo design of transmembrane proteins that tightly and specifically bind to small molecules remains an outstanding challenge13.
Tight Focusing Holographic Network Enables 3D Real Time and Accurate Light Field Modulation
Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Redirection‐Manipulated Honeycomb Inclined Reflection System Enables Highly Efficient AlGaN‐Based Deep‐Ultraviolet Light‐Emitting Diodes
Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. Supporting Information Filename Description lpor202401698-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx38.4 MB Supporting Information References 1, , , , Nat. Photonics 2019, 13, 233. 2a) , , , , Semicond. Sci. Technol. 2021, 36, 123001; b) , , ACS Photonics 2022, 9, 1513; c) , , , Nature 2006, 441, 325; d) , , , , , , Opt. Express 2019, 27, A669; e) , , , , , , , Laser Photon. Rev. 2023, 17, 2200455.
A Review of Multi-Temporal Scale Regulation Requirements of Power Systems and Diverse Flexible Resource Applications
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Green solid-state synthesis of Cu4O3/biochar composites with high antimicrobial activity
Green solid-state synthesis of Cu4O3/biochar composites with high antimicrobial activity† Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms pose severe challenges to human society. In this study, we successfully developed Cu4O3/biochar composites with highly effective antimicrobial properties using an eco-friendly green solid-state synthesis strategy involving ball milling and sintering processes.
Using deep learning to shorten the acquisition time of brain MRI in acute ischemic stroke: Synthetic T2W images generated from b0 images
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Citation: Peng Y, Wu C, Sun K, Li Z, Xiong L, Sun X, et al. (2025) Using deep learning to shorten the acquisition time of brain MRI in acute ischemic stroke: Synthetic T2W images generated from b0 images. PLoS ONE 20(1): e0316642. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316642 Editor: Hadeel K. Aljobouri, Al-Nahrain University, IRAQ Received: July 31, 2024; Accepted: December 13, 2024; Published: January 6, 2025 Copyright: © 2025 Peng et al.
Multiple Nitrogen Sources Application Inhibits Increasing Ammonia Volatilization Under Reducing Irrigation
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Automatic 3D Modeling Technique for Transmission Towers from 2D Drawings
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Analysis of Umbilical Artery Hemodynamics in Development of Intrauterine Growth Restriction Using Computational Fluid Dynamics with Doppler Ultrasound
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Long-term effect of eating duration on all-cause mortality under different energy intake and physical activity levels
Poor dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle are prominent risk factors for non-communicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes, CVD and cancers(Reference Danaei, Ding and Mozaffarian1). American adults who adhere to national recommendations for a healthy diet and regular physical activity tend to have significantly lower rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared with those who do not(Reference Loprinzi, Smit and Mahoney2,Reference Patnode, Redmond and Iacocca3) .
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