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Articles by Max Lam
Contribution of copy number variants to schizophrenia in East Asian populations
Abstract Studies on schizophrenia-associated rare copy number variants (CNVs) have predominantly focused on people of European (EUR) ancestry. Here we present a rare CNV study of schizophrenia in East Asian (EAS) populations, comprising 20,903 cases and 23,258 controls. We observed a significantly elevated genome-wide rare CNV burden in EAS cases compared with controls. Cross-population comparisons showed largely consistent rare CNV effects on schizophrenia risk.
Publisher Correction: Translating genomic data into healthcare practice with the Singapore National Precision Medicine program
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Correction to: Nature Genetics https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-026-02687-8, published online 29 July 2026. In the version of the article initially published, the online author list appeared incorrectly due to a formatting issue (the author list in the PDF of the article was correct). This issue has now been amended in the HTML version of the article. About this article Seow, S.W., Mina, T., Hebrard, M. et al.
By Theresia Mina, Maxime Hebrard, Nilanjana Sadhu, Claire Bellis, Pritesh P. Jain, Pierre Vincent-Goy, Xiaoyan Wang, Tavintharan Subramaniam, Sharon L.T. Pek, Hwee Lin Wee, Joanne Ngeow, Ken Redekop, Alec Morton, Kar Hui Ng, David Bruce Matchar, Yi Wang, Mikael Hartman, Jingmei Li, Jiali Yao, Wei Huang, PRECISE-CIP Consortium, Eleanor Wong, Kriti Sethi, Doreen Low, Irenaeus Chia, Yasmin Bylstra, Weng Khong Lim, Saumya Shekhar Jamuar, Ruifen Weng, Marthe Smedinga, Tamra Lysaght, Weiling Zheng, Mingshi Koh, Jimmy Lee, Sabrina Wong, Khung Keong Yeo, Ching-Yu Cheng, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Xueling Sim, Boon Cher Goh, Chiea Chuen Khor, Nicolas Bertin, Ee Shien Tan, Max Lam, E. Shyong Tai, John Chambers, Patrick Tan
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Nature
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Landscape of Tandem Repeat Variations in Multi-ethnic Asian Populations
The authors have declared no competing interest. I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: All participants provided informed consent for research. IRB approvals from each participating cohort were obtained from their respective contributing organizations: MEC cohort (ref no.
Translating genomic data into healthcare practice with the Singapore National Precision Medicine program
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Abstract The Singapore National Precision Medicine (NPM) program is a three-phase whole-of-nation effort designed to develop scalable, evidence-based solutions for precision health tailored to Asia’s diverse populations. Here we present NPM phase II (2020–2025), highlighting how large-scale precision medicine initiatives can drive new research insights, enable healthcare innovations and create economic value.
By Theresia Mina, Maxime Hebrard, Nilanjana Sadhu, Claire Bellis, Pritesh P. Jain, Xiaoyan Wang, Tavintharan Subramaniam, Sharon L.T. Pek, Hwee Lin Wee, Joanne Ngeow, Ken Redekop, Alec Morton, Kar Hui Ng, David Bruce Matchar, Yi Wang, Mikael Hartman, Jingmei Li, Jiali Yao, Wei Huang, Nanyang Technological, Eleanor Wong, Doreen Low, Irenaeus Chia, Yasmin Bylstra, Weng Khong Lim, Saumya Shekhar Jamuar, Tamra Lysaght, Weiling Zheng, Jimmy Lee, Sabrina Wong, Khung Keong Yeo, Ching-Yu Cheng, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Xueling Sim, Boon Cher Goh, Chiea Chuen Khor, Nicolas Bertin, Ee Shien Tan, Max Lam, E. Shyong Tai, John Chambers, Patrick Tan, Pierre Vincent-Goy, Singapore Epidemiology, PRECISE-CIP Consortium, Kriti Sethi, Ruifen Weng, Marthe Smedinga, Mingshi Koh
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Nature
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Circulating Blood-Based Proteins in Psychopathology and Cognition
Circulating Blood-Based Proteins in Psychopathology and Cognition: A Mendelian Randomization Study Key Points Question Are there directional associations between blood levels of specific proteins and either risk for serious psychiatric disorders or cognitive task performance? Findings In this 2-sample mendelian randomization study, circulating levels of 91 proteins were significantly associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and/or cognitive task performance.
Dissecting Schizophrenia Biology Using Pleiotropy with Cognitive Genomics
Keywords schizophrenia cognition educational attainment GWAS pleiotropy Get full text access Log in, subscribe or purchase for full access. References 1. Charlson, F.J. ∙ Ferrari, A.J. ∙ Santomauro, D.F. ... Global Epidemiology and Burden of Schizophrenia: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 Schizophr Bull. 2018; 44:1195-1203 2. Trubetskoy, V. ∙ Pardiñas, A.F. ∙ Qi, T. ... Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia Nature. 2022; 604:502-508 3.
Fine-mapping across diverse ancestries drives the discovery of putative causal variants underlying human complex traits and diseases - Nature Genetics
Abstract Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of human complex traits or diseases often implicate genetic loci that span hundreds or thousands of genetic variants, many of which have similar statistical significance. While statistical fine-mapping in individuals of European ancestry has made important discoveries, cross-population fine-mapping has the potential to improve power and resolution by capitalizing on the genomic diversity across ancestries.
Hong Kong Court of Appeal upholds decision to set aside award due to absence of dispute and on public policy grounds
Key takeaways In our previous client alert, we examined CMB v. Fund & others [2023] HKCFI 760, wherein the Court of First Instance held that parts of an arbitral award were set aside because of the absence of disputes The Court of Appeal (CA) upheld the ruling and dismissed an appeal against the CFI Decision (see CMBICDHAW Investments Limited v. CDH Fund v.
447. Large-Scale Mendelian Randomization Study Reveals Circulating Blood-Based Proteomic Biomarkers for Psychopathology and Cognitive Task Performance
Research on peripheral (e.g., blood-based) biomarkers for psychiatric illness has typically been low-throughput, in terms of both number of subjects and range of assays performed. Moreover, traditional case-control studies examining blood-based biomarkers are subject to potential confounds of treatment and other exposures common to patients with psychiatric illness.
425. Integrative Analysis of Neuroimaging Phenotypes and Genetic Associations in the UK Biobank
Neuroimaging abnormalities are critical components of psychopathology, and the study of shared genetic architecture between imaging and psychiatric phenotypes can yield important clues about etiopathophysiology. However, currently available imaging genomic datasets are complex, with thousands of image-derived phenotypes (IDPs) available, requiring computationally intensive data reduction techniques.
Dissecting Schizophrenia Biology Using Pleiotropy with Cognitive Genomics
The authors have declared no competing interest. This work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under award no. R01MH117646 (T.L., principal investigator). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.
Whole-exome sequencing in UK Biobank reveals rare genetic architecture for depression - Nature Communications
Abstract Nearly two hundred common-variant depression risk loci have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, the impact of rare coding variants on depression remains poorly understood. Here, we present whole-exome sequencing analyses of depression with seven different definitions based on survey, questionnaire, and electronic health records in 320,356 UK Biobank participants.
Large-Scale Mendelian Randomization Study Reveals Circulating Blood-based Proteomic Biomarkers for Psychopathology and Cognitive Task Performance
J.F., B.S., D.B., and C.-Y.C. are employees of Biogen. The other authors declare no competing interests. The study is supported by the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under award no. R01MH117646 (T.L., principal investigator). I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.
Shared genetic architectures of educational attainment in East Asian and European populations - Nature Human Behaviour
Abstract Educational attainment (EduYears), a heritable trait often used as a proxy for cognitive ability, is associated with various health and social outcomes. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on EduYears have been focused on samples of European (EUR) genetic ancestries. Here we present the first large-scale GWAS of EduYears in people of East Asian (EAS) ancestry (n = 176,400) and conduct a cross-ancestry meta-analysis with EduYears GWAS in people of EUR ancestry (n = 766,345).
Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of cannabis use disorder yields insight into disease biology and public health implications - Nature Genetics
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Abstract As recreational use of cannabis is being decriminalized in many places and medical use widely sanctioned, there are growing concerns about increases in cannabis use disorder (CanUD), which is associated with numerous medical comorbidities.
By Daniel F Levey, Marco Galimberti, Joseph D. Deak, Dora Koller, Emma Johnson, Mahantesh Biradar, Max Lam, Veera M. Rajagopal, Henry R Kranzler, Howard J. Edenberg, Arpana Agrawal, Todd Lencz, David M. Hougaard, Anders D. Børglum, Ditte Demontis, Michael J. Gandal, Renato Polimanti, Murray B. Stein
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Nature
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Transcriptome-Wide Structural Equation Modeling of 13 Major Psychiatric Disorders for Cross-Disorder Risk and Drug Repurposing
Key Points Question Can genes be identified whose expression is associated with cross-disorder psychiatric risk along with existing drugs that target these genes? Findings In this genetic association study, transcriptome-wide structural equation modeling was used to identify 466 genes associated with psychiatric genomic factors that index shared risk across subsets of disorders.
The impact of rare protein coding genetic variation on adult cognitive function - Nature Genetics
Abstract Compelling evidence suggests that human cognitive function is strongly influenced by genetics. Here, we conduct a large-scale exome study to examine whether rare protein-coding variants impact cognitive function in the adult population (n = 485,930). We identify eight genes (ADGRB2, KDM5B, GIGYF1, ANKRD12, SLC8A1, RC3H2, CACNA1A and BCAS3) that are associated with adult cognitive function through rare coding variants with large effects.
Collective genomic segments with differential pleiotropic patterns between cognitive dimensions and psychopathology - Nature Communications
Abstract Cognitive deficits are known to be related to most forms of psychopathology. Here, we perform local genetic correlation analysis as a means of identifying independent segments of the genome that show biologically interpretable pleiotropic associations between cognitive dimensions and psychopathology.
Author Correction: Improving polygenic prediction in ancestrally diverse populations - Nature Genetics
Correction to: Nature Genetics https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-022-01054-7, published online 5 May 2022. In the version of this article initially published, affiliation 24—Digital China Health Technologies Corp. Ltd., Beijing, China—was presented incorrectly and has been amended in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
Improving polygenic prediction in ancestrally diverse populations - Nature Genetics
Abstract Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have attenuated cross-population predictive performance. As existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted predominantly in individuals of European descent, the limited transferability of PRS reduces their clinical value in non-European populations, and may exacerbate healthcare disparities. Recent efforts to level ancestry imbalance in genomic research have expanded the scale of non-European GWAS, although most remain underpowered.
Dissecting Biological Pathways of Psychopathology using Cognitive Genomics
Abstract Cognitive deficits are known to be related to most forms of psychopathology. Here, we perform local genetic correlation analysis as a means of identifying independent segments of the genome that show biologically interpretable pleiotropic associations between cognitive dimensions and psychopathology.
Genetic liability in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis: A comparison study of 9 psychiatric traits
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Keane Lim, Max Lam, Hailiang Huang, Jianjun Liu, Jimmy Lee Keane Lim, Max Lam, Hailiang Huang, Jianjun Liu, Jimmy Lee Published: December 2, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243104 Figures Abstract Individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) of psychosis are characterised by the emergence of attenuated psychotic symptoms and deterioration in functioning.
Comparative genetic architectures of schizophrenia in East Asian and European populations
Abstract Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder with approximately 1% lifetime risk globally. Large-scale schizophrenia genetic studies have reported primarily on European ancestry samples, potentially missing important biological insights. Here, we report the largest study to date of East Asian participants (22,778 schizophrenia cases and 35,362 controls), identifying 21 genome-wide-significant associations in 19 genetic loci.
Author Correction: Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function
Correction to: Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04362-x, published online 29 May 2018. Christina M. Lill, who contributed to analysis of data, was inadvertently omitted from the author list in the originally published version of this article. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the article. Author information Author notes These authors contributed equally: Gail Davies, Max Lam. These authors jointly supervised this work: Todd Lencz, Ian J. Deary.
Comparative genetic architectures of schizophrenia in East Asian and European populations
Comparative genetic architectures of schizophrenia in East Asian and European populations Max Lam, Chia-Yen Chen, Zhiqiang Li, Alicia Martin, Julien Bryois, Xixian Ma, Helena Gaspar, Masashi Ikeda, Beben Benyamin, Brielin Brown, Ruize Liu, Wei Zhou, Lili Huan, Yoichiro Kamatani, Sung-Wan Kim, Michiaki Kubo, Agung Kusumawardhani, Chih-Min Liu, Hong Ma, Sathish Periyasamy, Atsushi Takahashi, Qiang Wang, Zhida Xu, Hao Yu, Feng Zhu, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium - Schizophrenia Working Group,...
Longitudinal Cognitive Changes in Young Individuals at Ultrahigh Risk for Psychosis
[Skip to Content Landing] Figure 1. Cognitive Trajectories of Individual Tests Over 24-Month Follow-up A, Healthy controls. B, Remitters. C, Nonconverters. D, Nonremitters. E, Converters. Each test is color-coded. Individual lines reflect estimated cognitive scores for each test computed on the basis of linear mixed model outputs for each test.
Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function
The present study includes 300,486 individuals of European ancestry from 57 population-based cohorts brought together by the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE), the Cognitive Genomics Consortium (COGENT) consortia, and UK Biobank (Supplementary Note 2). All individuals were aged between 16 and 102 years. Exclusion criteria included clinical stroke (including self-reported stroke) or prevalent dementia (Supplementary Data 18).
Large-Scale Cognitive GWAS Meta-Analysis Reveals Tissue-Specific Neural Expression and Potential Nootropic Drug Targets
This work has been supported by grants from the NIH (R01 MH079800 and P50 MH080173 to A.K.M., R01 MH080912 to D.C.G., K23 MH077807 to K.E.B., and K01 MH085812 to M.C.K.). Data collection for the TOP cohort was supported by the Research Council of Norway, South-East Norway Health Authority, and KG Jebsen Foundation. The NCNG study was supported by Research Council of Norway Grants 154313/V50 and 177458/V50.
Ninety-nine independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function include genes associated with brain health and structure (N = 280,360)
Ninety-nine independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function include genes associated with brain health and structure (N = 280,360) Gail Davies, Max Lam, Sarah E. Harris, Joey Trampush, Michelle Luciano, W. David Hill, Saskia P. Hagenaars, Stuart J. Ritchie, Riccardo E. Marioni, Chloë Fawns-Ritchie, David C. Liewald, Judith Okely, Ari Ahola-Olli, Catriona L. K. Barnes, Lars Bertram, Joshua C. Bis, Katherine E.
Draw sample functions from Gaussian Process prior
Previously, I have written implementation codes of Gaussian Process regression in Python and Matlab. However, for better interaction and visualisation, I am currently working on implementation in Mathematica, but I am really a beginner in Mathematica. Different from Python and Matlab, Mathematica is not using something like linspace in plotting functions. Instead, we enter the range to Plot such that it can generate continuous function itself.
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