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Articles by Peng Zhou
Dendritic computation bridges neuroscience and foundation models
Abstract A prevailing view holds that although neuroscience historically inspired AI, its role in the recent evolution of AI, driven by the scaling of foundation models, is minor. We challenge this perspective by establishing a biological analogy between simplified dendritic neuron models and the attention mechanisms central to AI foundation models.
Global Strong Solutions to the Cauchy Problem of 2D Nonhomogeneous Magnetohydrodynamic Equations With Density-Dependent Viscosity and Resistivity
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The authors have nothing to report. References 1 and , “Global Well-Posedness for the 2-D Inhomogeneous Incompressible Navier-Stokes System With Large Initial Data in Critical Spaces,” Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 242 (2021): 1533–1570. 2, , and , Boundary Value Problems in Mechanics of Nonhomogeneous Fluids (North-Holland, 1990).
Large-scale esophageal cancer screening through noncontrast computed tomography and artificial intelligence
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Abstract The absence of accurate, noninvasive, scalable screening tools keeps early esophageal cancer (EC) detection a global health challenge. Although noncontrast computed tomography (NC CT) is widely accessible, the esophagus is a hollow tubular structure prone to collapse and motion artifacts, making small early malignant lesions difficult to distinguish from normal tissue.
By Jian Zhou, Guangyu Guo, Jiawen Yao, Chunpeng Zheng, Xiaochen Feng, Xianghua Ye, Yongjin J. Zhou, Pei Yang, Lukas Lambert, Shaojun Zheng, Qiong Li, Yingda Xia, Wenchao Guo, yi chen, Mengdi Zhang, Yu Jiang, Dandan Zheng, Haomiao Qing, Peng Zhou, Mei Lan, Lei Wu, Yong Li, Haifeng Wang, Yong Zhou, Junqiang Chen, Liyan Xu, Chenying Lu, Lin Chen, Junwei Han, Chengwei Shao, Wenqiang Wei, Kai Zhang, Jianfeng Zhang, Dingwen Zhang, Jiansong Ji, Chuanmiao Xie, Kai Cao, Yuqian Zhao, Ling Zhang, Qifeng Wang, Qinji Yu, Wusong Liu
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Nature
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Citrus reticulata Essential Oil as a Bioactive Food Ingredient: Composition Variability, Extraction, Functional Bioactivities, and Cross-Study Quantitative Analysis
1 Introduction Citrus reticulata, commonly known as mandarin orange, is an economically important species of the Rutaceae family and is widely cultivated worldwide for its distinctive flavor, aroma, and nutritional value (Olatunde et al. 2024; L. Li et al. 2024). In addition to its edible pulp, C. reticulata generates substantial peel residues during processing, and citrus peels may account for approximately 40%–50% of the total fruit mass (Singh et al. 2020).
Endurance beyond 10 billion cycles in wurtzite ferroelectrics by confining nitrogen vacancies
Editor’s summary Abstract Supplementary Materials References and Notes Information & Authors Metrics & Citations Check Access References Figures Tables Media Share This article has 0 eLetter . Editor’s summary Extended polarization cycling of wurtzite ferroelectrics such as aluminum nitride was achieved by avoiding clustering of nitrogen vacancies. These materials could be used in nonvolatile memories if their cycling endurance was improved. Wang et al.
Case Report: Seizure freedom after resection of a temporal choroidal fissure cyst in drug-resistant epilepsy
Abstract Background: Choroidal fissure cysts (CFCs) are relatively rare, and their exact prevalence in the general population remains unclear. These cysts are most often detected incidentally during neuroimaging performed for unrelated reasons. Whether CFCs are associated with specific clinical symptoms and their potential clinical significance remain controversial. Case description: A 35-year-old woman developed epileptic seizures at age 15 after a high fever.
Stapler vs. sleeve circumcision for multiple penile condylomata acuminata: a comparative study
Abstract Background: Multiple penile condylomata acuminata (CA) often involve the inner foreskin and frenulum. This retrospective study compared conventional sleeve and disposable circular stapler circumcision, each combined with ablation of visible lesions, in selected patients with multiple penile CA. Methods: Consecutive patients aged 18–55 years with at least 5 visible lesions involving the foreskin and/or frenulum who underwent treatment between January 2020 and December 2024 were screened.
Energy Conversion and Entropy Change During the Thermoelastic Effect
This version is not peer-reviewed. You are already at the latest version To address the energy conversion and entropy change during the thermoelastic effect, the first and second laws of thermodynamics are applied in the coupled thermal and elastic fields in this paper to analyze these two issues.
Genital basal cell carcinoma in sun-protected sites: sex-stratified clinicopathologic features, p16/HPV status, and long-term outcomes in an Asian cohort
Abstract Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) arising in sun-protected genital sites is uncommon and lies outside the typical ultraviolet-driven model of disease. We retrospectively reviewed 41 patients with primary genital BCC treated at a tertiary referral center in China between January 2010 and December 2025, assessing clinicopathologic features, sex-stratified outcomes, p16 expression, and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA status. The cohort included 29 males and 12 females.
Morphology-aware supervision improves real-time wind turbine blade defect localization in unstructured natural environments
Abstract Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) inspection is widely used for wind turbine blade maintenance, yet detecting minor damage in operational wind farms remains difficult because background clutter, extreme defect aspect ratios, and curved or bifurcated image-space geometries all reduce accuracy. We propose SWCB-YOLO, a lightweight edge detector built on YOLOv11n.
Immunopathological mechanisms in autoimmune encephalitis: from pathogenesis to targeted therapies
Abstract Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is an antibody-mediated brain disorder involving self-antibody-driven inflammation. Different subtypes present unique clinical and pathological features, influenced by variations in target antigens and underlying pathophysiological processes. Although the precise pathogenesis of each AE subtype remains incompletely understood, recent research has provided valuable insights into their immunopathological mechanisms.
High-precision time-domain parallelism photonic computing
Abstract INTRODUCTION RESULTS DISCUSSION MATERIALS AND METHODS Acknowledgments Supplementary Materials REFERENCES Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) compute demands outstrip electronic hardware scaling, creating a critical “AI compute gap.” Photonic computing promises speed, low latency, and parallelism yet faces bottlenecks in core array scalability and optoelectronic bandwidth efficiency.
C-reactive protein-triglyceride glucose index and controlling nutritional status score for predicting severe sepsis or septic shock in diabetic patients with Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections
Abstract Objective: To investigate the value of the C-reactive protein-triglyceride glucose index (CTI) and the controlling nutritional status score (CONUT) in predicting the risk of progression to severe sepsis or septic shock in patients with diabetes complicated by Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections. Methods: A total of 236 patients with diabetes complicated by Klebsiella pneumoniae or Escherichia coli bloodstream infections from January 2023 to December 2025 were enrolled.
Robust single-electron memory with quantum states manipulation
Editor’s summary Abstract Supplementary Materials References and Notes Information & Authors Metrics & Citations Check Access References Figures Tables Media Share Editor’s summary Realizing stable and distinguishable quantum memory at the single-electron level has long been challenged by increased parasitic gate-channel fringe capacitance, which substantially lowers the threshold voltage shift (ΔVth) caused by stored electrons as device dimensions are scaled down.
In Silicon Deciphering Atomic-Scale Structural Units in Peptide Glass
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Supporting Information Filename Description anie73548-sup-0001-SuppMat.pdf29.3 MB The Supporting information is available: Experimental methods, simulation methods, additional data in supporting figures.Supporting File: anie73548-sup-0001-SuppMat.pdf.
Formation and Failure of γ-NiOOH During Nickel Corrosion in Oxygen-Pressured Concentrated Alkali at 270°C
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. References 1 and , “Corrosion in Caustic Soda in Mineral Processing Operations,” Corrosion 76 (2020): 707–715. 2 and , “Alkaline Leaching of Lead and Zinc by Sodium Hydroxide: Kinetics Modeling,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology 7 (2018): 118–125.
Switching Type-II to S-scheme Charge Transfer Through Fermi Level Modulation
1 Introduction Charge separation efficiency is a core bottleneck for the development of semiconductor devices, solar cells, photocatalysis, and other technologies, directly influencing energy conversion efficiency and device performance [1-5]. Heterojunction semiconductors offer an effective tool to tackle this challenge due to their unique built-in electric fields and band structure tunability [6-11].
99mTc-FAPI-YQ3 SPECT/CT for characterizing FAPI uptake phenotypes and metabolic-stromal heterogeneity in advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a prospective single-center imaging-radiomics study
Abstract Objective: Advanced and metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), particularly radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory disease, is characterized by spatially heterogeneous tumor biology and limited therapeutic options.
Dynamic priority-driven dispatch in gas pipeline networks under catastrophic disruptions
Abstract In emergencies, the quick response capability of gas pipeline network dispatch is critical for maintaining flow equilibrium. For moderate disruptions, operators can sustain system balance through flow redistribution or reserve utilisation.
Cooperative Cracking of 1-Pentene and n -Pentane on ZSM-5: Diene-Mediated Pathway Control to Light Olefins Click to copy article link Article link copied!
Cite Jump to ExpandCollapse Kinetics, Catalysis, and Reaction EngineeringJune 25, 2026 Cooperative Cracking of 1-Pentene and n-Pentane on ZSM-5: Diene-Mediated Pathway Control to Light Olefins Click to copy article linkArticle link copied! Yongyue Bai Yongyue Bai State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, P. R.
A 5.3-million-year-old deep-sea whale necropolis in the Diamantina Zone
Abstract Whale falls are biodiversity oases at seabeds1,2,3,4,5,6, yet their record from the oceans has remained sparse and fragmentary6,7. Here we report the discovery of a vast whale necropolis in the Diamantina Zone (4,616- to 7,001-m depth), extending about 1,200 km along the sea floor of the southeastern Indian Ocean. This area has a deep and extensive accumulation comprising five modern natural whale-fall communities and 476 fossil cetaceans recorded.
CT-based renal and body-composition radiomics model to improve the detection ability of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Abstract Objectives: Conventional imaging modalities exhibit limited capability in distinguishing diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but radiomics could expand image-derived information. Kidney, perirenal tissue and body composition, whether considered in macroscopic or microscopic profile, are associated with kidney function.
Overexpression of centromere-localized IFIT3 impairs mitochondrial function and disrupts cellular proliferation and cell cycle progression in down syndrome
Abstract Background: Down syndrome (DS, trisomy 21) is the most prevalent human autosomal aneuploidy, driven by non-disjunction of chromosome 21 during maternal gametogenesis. Centromere-kinetochore complexes mediate accurate chromosome segregation, and centromeric protein dysregulation is linked to chromosome instability; nevertheless, how perturbations of centromere-proximal proteins drive cellular pathogenesis in DS remain poorly defined.
Age-related loss of Y chromosome is associated with mortality after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Abstract While loss of Y chromosome (LOY), a common somatic alteration with aging, has been associated with cardiovascular diseases, its specific impact on ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains underexplored. This study enrolled 928 males undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI to investigate the impact of LOY in blood cells on all-cause mortality. LOY was measured in males using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction technique.
Lactic acid photosynthesis via C–C cross-coupling over atomically dispersed Ba
Abstract Photocatalytic carbon–carbon coupling offers a route for converting plastic-derived chemicals into valuable multi-carbon products, yet uncontrolled coupling of intermediate limits efficiency and selectivity. Here, we report atomically dispersed barium species on titanium dioxide that act as frustrated Lewis pairs, enabling efficient and selective generation intermediates during the co-oxidation of ethylene glycol and methanol toward lactic acid.
The MsZFP1-MsWRKY40-MsWRKY41 module efficiently regulates LHCII biogenesis via ABA-dependent manner in alfalfa
Abstract INTRODUCTION RESULTS DISCUSSION MATERIALS AND METHODS Acknowledgments Supplementary Materials REFERENCES Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract The light-harvesting complex (LHC) is the antenna system of photosystem that affects the photosynthetic efficiency of plants.
Case Series: Postoperative recurrent secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by ectopic submandibular parathyroid: 3 cases report and literature review
Abstract Postoperative recurrence for secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) remains a clinical challenge. Ectopic parathyroid glands are a major cause of recurrence, and those located in the submandibular region are rare. This report retrospectively analyzes three patients on maintenance dialysis who developed recurrent elevation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels 3 to 37 months after parathyroidectomy (PTX) for SHPT.
Built-in electric field activates endogenous redox couple for self-sustained Fenton-like reaction
Abstract Heterogeneous catalyst systems hold significant potential for advanced water treatment, yet achieving sustainable catalytic processes capable of continuously generating reactive species remains a substantial challenge. In this work, we develop an integrated oxidation-reduction system that synergistically couples peracetic acid (PAA) with H2O2 under the guidance of an interfacial built-in electric field (BEF).
Semiconductor Superlattice with Remarkable Raman Enhancement for Ultrafast Culture-Free Sensing of Multiple Pathogens Click to copy article link Article link copied!
Abstract Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an optical ultrasensitive analytical method, which provides special chemical fingerprints and enables noninvasive identification of trace biological species. Traditional noble-metal SERS substrates often require surface engineering to mitigate nonspecific adsorption and background interference in complex biological matrices.
Evaluation and expression-level verification of the prognostic value of palmitoylation-related genes in ovarian cancer
Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) remains the most lethal malignancy within the spectrum of gynecological cancers globally. While protein S-palmitoylation has been extensively implicated in tumor progression, its specific functional contributions and molecular mechanisms in the context of OC pathogenesis remain to be fully elucidated. This article aims to explore the prognostic effect associated with palmitoylation in OC.
Machine learning identifies pupil size and corneal thickness as key predictors of axial elongation rate
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Citation: Zhou P, Chen S, Li Y, Li Y (2026) Machine learning identifies pupil size and corneal thickness as key predictors of axial elongation rate. PLoS One 21(4): e0348085. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0348085 Editor: Shiva Ram Male, University of Hyderabad, INDIA Received: July 5, 2025; Accepted: April 11, 2026; Published: April 24, 2026 Copyright: © 2026 Zhou et al.
All-dielectric metasurface enabling spin–orbital angular momentum demultiplexing in the terahertz regime
Spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM), as two key degrees of freedom of light in the angular momentum dimension, show significant potential for high-capacity communications in the terahertz (THz) regime. However, conventional SAM or OAM multiplexing/demultiplexing systems based on bulky optical components suffer from complex configurations and large footprints, hindering on-chip integration and limiting their application in integrated THz optical communications.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Boron-Centered Carboranyl Radical for Modular Carboranyl N -Heterocycles Click to copy article link Article link copied!
Abstract Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Carboranes, three-dimensional boron-rich bioisosteres of phenyl rings, have emerged as promising scaffolds in small-molecule drug discovery owing to their unique 3D architecture, excellent metabolic stability, and abundant hydrogen-bonding recognition sites. The methods for the efficient synthesis of carborane-containing heterocyclic scaffolds are, however, limited.
Controlled transfer-reduction of functional groups with ethanol by their interaction strength with the oxygen vacancies
Abstract Controlled reduction of functional groups remains a significant challenge in catalytic chemistry. In this study, we report a novel method for selectively reducing various functional groups using biomass-derived ethanol, mediated by oxygen vacancies in highly dispersed molybdenum oxide on nitrogen-doped carbon.
Electrically modulated plasmonic metasurfaces for light communication
Abstract Electrically modulated metasurfaces manipulate light fields but suffer from high operating voltages, low tuning sensitivity, and a reliance on telecommunication bands, limiting their applications in light communication (LC). Here, we demonstrate electrically modulated plasmonic metasurfaces that enable continuous and reversible wavelength modulation with a tuning sensitivity up to ~ 1 nm/V at a CMOS-compatible voltage below 5 V.
RNA-based next-generation sequencing strategy for screening MDM2 -amplified sarcomas
Abstract The accurate diagnosis of soft tissue sarcomas and bone tumors poses persistent challenges in pathological practice. While targeted RNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enhanced diagnostic precision through fusion gene detection, its clinical utility remains limited for dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) due to the inability to identify MDM2 copy number variations - a critical diagnostic feature.
Development of a Conditional Plasmid for Gene Deletion in Non-Model Fusobacterium nucleatum Strains
Abstract Fusobacterium nucleatum is an opportunistic pathogen with four subspecies: nucleatum (FNN), vincentii (FNV), polymorphum (FNP), and animalis (FNA), each with distinct disease potentials. Research on fusobacterial pathogenesis has mainly focused on the model strain ATCC 23726 from FNN. However, this narrow focus may overlook significant behaviors of other FNN strains and those from other subspecies, given the genetic and phenotypic diversity within F. nucleatum.
Correlation of Insulin and/or Insulin Secretagogues with the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and All-Cause Mortality Among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Back to Journals » Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma » Volume 13 Authors Zhou M, Zhou P, Xu W, Zhu D, Zhang F , Li W , Ye C Received 31 March 2026 Accepted for publication 20 June 2026 Published 9 July 2026 Volume 2026:13 611091 DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/JHC.S611091 Checked for plagiarism Yes Review by Single anonymous peer review Peer reviewer comments 4 Editor who approved publication: Dr Ahmed Kaseb Ming Zhou,1 Peng Zhou,1 Wenchao Xu,2 Dongmei Zhu,1 Fan Zhang,3 Wenjian Li,4 Chunyan Ye1...
Computer Science > Neural and Evolutionary Computing
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A longitudinal dataset of hypertensive osteoporotic fracture patients: treatments and long-term outcomes
Abstract Osteoporotic fractures (OPF) and hypertension frequently co-occur in older adults, yet comprehensive datasets integrating clinical, pharmacological, and longitudinal outcome data remain scarce. We describe a longitudinal dataset derived from the Osteoporotic Fracture Registration System at Kunshan Hospital, Jiangsu University, including patients aged ≥ 50 years hospitalized for OPF between 2017 and 2024. A total of 4,782 patients were initially registered.
Торговые сигналы для MetaTrader 5: Trend Sentinel Gold
Strategy Focus: A pure trend-following and momentum breakout system tailor-made for Gold (XAUUSD). Core Iron Rules: No Martingale | No Grid | No Averaging Down | Strict Stop Loss on Every Trade. Risk Management: We never attempt to "average down" in hopes of a rebound. Every single trade is executed with a strict stop loss, completely containing the risk within that individual order. Trading Philosophy: Cut losses short, let profits run. We do not chase artificially high win rates.
Research on Navigation Method for Subsea Drilling Robot Based on Inertial Navigation and Odometry
You are already at the latest version To address the accuracy divergence problem of the integrated navigation system caused by drilling slippage and mismatch between the tail cable encoder and the robot's motion when a seafloor drilling robot operates in deep-sea soft sedimentary layers, this paper proposes a robust navigation method based on robust square root ductile Kalman filter (RSRCKF).
"Development of SacB-Based Counterselection for Efficient Allelic Excha" by Peng Zhou, Bibek G C et al.
Microbiology Spectrum 10.1128/spectrum.02066-24 Post-print Fusobacterium nucleatum, Plasmids, Bacterial Proteins, Alleles, Sucrose, Humans, Bacillus subtilis, Mutation, Biofilms, Hexosyltransferases, Fusobacterium nucleatum, sacB, allelic exchange, in-frame deletion yes Zhou, Peng; G C, Bibek; Hu, Bo; et al., "Development of SacB-Based Counterselection for Efficient Allelic Exchange in Fusobacterium nucleatum" (2025). Faculty, Staff and Student Publications. 5879.
Noncovalent Cluster Packing Enables Ultrastable Glasses for Preservation and Delivery of Labile Biomolecules
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Supporting Information Filename Description anie71677-sup-0001-SuppMat.pdf3.5 MB Supporting File 1: Experimental and computational methods section, basic characterizations, and relative tables. anie71677-sup-0002-VideoS1.mp416 MB Supporting File 2: anie71677-sup-0002-VideoS1.Mp4.
Turn-PPO: Turn-level advantage estimation with PPO for improved multi-turn RL in agentic LLMs
Reinforcement learning (RL) has re-emerged as a natural approach for training interactive LLM agents in real-world environments. However, directly applying the widely used Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) algorithm to multi-turn tasks exposes notable limitations, particularly in scenarios requiring long-horizon reasoning. To address these challenges, we investigate more stable and effective advantage estimation strategies, especially for multi-turn settings.
Short-Term PM 2.5 Exposure and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Global Exposure-Response Analysis to Inform Alert Thresholds
Get full access to this article View all available purchase options and get full access to this article. Supplementary Material Supplemental Data (mmc1.docx) References 1. Liu C., Chen R., Sera F., et al. Ambient particulate air pollution and daily mortality in 652 cities. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:8: 705-715. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1817364. 2. Chen R., Yin P., Meng X., et al. Fine particulate air pollution and daily mortality: a nationwide analysis in 272 Chinese cities. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
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