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Articles by Tim Spelman
A longitudinal study of children identifies antibody Fc-mediated functions and antigen targets of immunity to Plasmodium vivax malaria
Results To quantify target-specific functional antibodies relevant to protective immunity, we developed a high-throughput bead-based multiplex assay using the Luminex xMAP technology, allowing us to measure FcγR-binding and complement-fixing antibodies to multiple P. vivax antigens simultaneously. P. vivax recombinant antigens were coupled to magnetic microspheres at optimized concentrations.
The Relationship Between Sleep, Fatigue and Quality of Life in Young Adults With Autoimmune Addison′s Disease
1 Introduction Autoimmune Addison′s disease (AAD), the most common form of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI), results from autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands and necessitates lifelong glucocorticoid (GC) replacement therapy [1]. While lifesaving, current GC regimens fail to replicate natural cortisol rhythmicity, causing predictable periods of infra- and supra-physiological cortisol levels, particularly overnight and before the morning dose [2, 3].
Increased risk of osteoporotic fractures and osteoporosis in patients with Addison's disease in Sweden: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Introduction Supraphysiologic levels of glucocorticoids inhibit apoptosis of osteoclasts and promote apoptosis of osteoblasts, resulting in decreased bone formation [1]. Glucocorticoids also reduce intestinal absorption of calcium [2] and increase renal excretion of calcium by inhibiting its reabsorption in the renal tubule [3]. In addition, glucocorticoid excess inhibits the secretion of both growth hormone [4, 5] and gonadotropins [6].
Clinical and cost‐effectiveness of earlier discharge from acute hospital after total joint arthroplasty
Corresponding Author Peter FM Choong Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia Correspondence Prof. Peter Choong, University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Level 2 Clinical Sciences Building, 29 Regent St, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia.
Clinical and cost‐effectiveness of earlier discharge from acute hospital after total joint arthroplasty
Corresponding Author Peter FM Choong Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia Correspondence Prof. Peter Choong, University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Level 2 Clinical Sciences Building, 29 Regent St, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia.
Coping with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study on young Australians' anxiety and depression symptoms from 2020–2021 - Archives of Public Health
This quantitative prospective cohort study recruited 2006 Australian residents aged 15–29 years to complete a baseline and three follow-up surveys over a 12-month period (see Fig. 1). This study used quota sampling to ensure minimum representation of gender, age groups and state and territories proportional to population size [47]. Quotas for states and territories were determined by the target population's demographics.
Comparative effectiveness of dimethyl fumarate versus non-specific immunosuppressants: Real-world evidence from MSBase - Tim Spelman, Sara Eichau, Raed Alroughani, Serkan Ozakbas, Samia J Khoury, Francesco Patti, Eva Kubala Havrdova, Cavit Boz, Murat Ter
Introduction Non-specific immunosuppressants (NSIS), such as azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and mitoxantrone, have been used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) for up to 60 years.1 The only NSIS to be indicated for MS in the United States and across Europe is mitoxantrone, with its indication in Europe being for highly active relapsing MS in patients for whom no alternative treatments are available.2,3 Despite a lack of data on their safety and efficacy from controlled...
Predictive Tool Use and Willingness for Surgery in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
Key Points Question What are the effects of predictive tool use on willingness for surgery in patients with knee osteoarthritis considering total knee arthroplasty? Findings In this randomized clinical trial of 211 participants assigned to predictive tool use vs treatment as usual, predictive tool use did not significantly change patient willingness for surgery at 6 months.
Trial of Vancomycin and Cefazolin as Surgical Prophylaxis in Arthroplasty
Abstract The addition of vancomycin to beta-lactam prophylaxis in arthroplasty may reduce surgical-site infections; however, the efficacy and safety are unclear. In this multicenter, double-blind, superiority, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned adult patients without known methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization who were undergoing arthroplasty to receive 1.5 g of vancomycin or normal saline placebo, in addition to cefazolin prophylaxis.
Time-to-hepatitis C treatment initiation among people who inject drugs in Melbourne, Australia | Epidemiology & Infection | Cambridge Core
Hostname: page-component-7d8f8d645b-xs5cw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2023-05-29T03:45:48.005Z Has data issue: false Feature Flags: { "useRatesEcommerce": true } hasContentIssue false Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 May 2023 Phyo T. Z. Aung [Opens in a new window] , Tim Spelman [Opens in a new window] , Anna L.
Childhood trauma is prevalent and associated with co-occurring depression, anxiety, mania and psychosis in young people attending Australian youth mental health services - Sarah Bendall, Oliver Eastwood, Tim Spelman, Patrick McGorry, Ian Hickie, Alison R
Abstract Objectives: Childhood trauma is common and associated with mental ill health. While high rates of trauma are observed across individual disorders, there is evidence that trauma is associated with an admixture of affective, anxiety and psychotic symptoms in adults.
Association between early treatment of multiple sclerosis and patient-reported outcomes: a nationwide observational cohort study
Statistical analysis To account for potential indication bias, patients in the early-treated group were propensity-score matched to the late DMT group based on the following variables: age at disease onset, sex, baseline EDSS (within the first 2 years of disease and either prior to or less than 6 months from initiation of DMT) and relapse rate at baseline (first 2 years following disease onset).
Individualized Risk Prediction for Improved Chronic Wound Management
Advances in Wound CareAhead of Print Open AccessCreative Commons license Abstract Significance: Chronic wounds are associated with significant morbidity, marked loss of quality of life, and considerable economic burden. Evidence-based risk prediction to guide improved wound prevention and treatment is limited by the complexity in their etiology, clinical underreporting, and a lack of studies using large high-quality datasets.
Real-World Experience with Cladribine in the MSBase Registry
Background: Cladribine tablets are approved for relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) treatment in many jurisdictions. MSBase investigators are committed to characterizing real-world longitudinal treatment outcomes using this registry data. The objective of this study was to describe cladribine treatment outcomes in the MSBase cohort. These include baseline characteristics, treatment pathways, discontinuation rate, and relapse outcomes.
Treatment Escalation vs Immediate Initiation of Highly Effective Treatment for Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Data From 2 Different National Strategies | Demyelinating Disorders | JAMA Neurology | JAMA Network
Figure 1. Time to Confirmed Disability Progression by Treatment Strategy Cohort DMT indicates disease-modifying treatment. Figure 2. Time to First Relapse by Treatment Strategy Cohort DMT indicates disease-modifying treatment. Table 2. Index Treatment Discontinuations and Treatment Switching by Cohort Original Investigation August 16, 2021 JAMA Neurol. 2021;78(10):1197-1204.
The introduction of a mandatory mask policy was associated with significantly reduced COVID-19 cases in a major metropolitan city
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Nick Scott , Allan Saul , Tim Spelman, Mark Stoove, Alisa Pedrana, Alexander Saeri, Emily Grundy, Liam Smith, Michael Toole, Chandini Raina McIntyre, Brendan S.
Increased rate of hospitalisation for COVID-19 among rituximab-treated multiple sclerosis patients: A study of the Swedish multiple sclerosis registry - Tim Spelman, Lars Forsberg, Kyla McKay, Anna Glaser, Jan Hillert, 2021
1. Barr, TA, Shen, P, Brown, S, et al. B cell depletion therapy ameliorates autoimmune disease through ablation of IL-6–producing B cells. J Experiment Med 2012; 209(5): 1001–1010. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI 2. Bar-Or, A, Fawaz, L, Fan, B, et al. Abnormal B-cell cytokine responses a trigger of T-cell–mediated disease in MS? Ann Neurol 2010; 67(4): 452–461. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline 3. Luna, G, Alping, P, Burman, J, et al.
The impact of three progressively introduced interventions on second wave daily COVID-19 case numbers in Melbourne, Australia
Abstract Background The city of Melbourne, Australia experienced two waves of the COVID-19 epidemic peaking, the first in March and a more substantial wave in July 2020. During the second wave, a series of control measure were progressively introduced that initially slowed the growth of the epidemic then resulted in decreasing cases until there was no detectable local transmission.
Risk of requiring a wheelchair in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: Data from the ORATORIO trial and the MSBase registry
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Helmut Butzkueven Corresponding Author helmut.butzkueven@monash.edu Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia During completion of the work related to this manuscript, R. Freitas was an employee of F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd; her current affiliation is Novartis Pharma AG.
Reanalysis of the Pfizer mRNA BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine data fails to find any increased efficacy following the boost: Implications for vaccination policy and our understanding of the mode of action
Abstract Background In clinical trials two vaccinations with mRNA vaccines have shown high efficacy in preventing COVID-19. However, in the context of a pandemic, the time to generation of protective immunity, the need for and timing of a second vaccination are matters of legitimate debate. This manuscript explores the efficacy and timing of the second dose COVID-19 vaccines, including a reanalysis of data from the Pfizer mRNA BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine phase 3 study.
Real-world disability improvement in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab in the Tysabri Observational Program - Heinz Wiendl, Tim Spelman, Helmut Butzkueven, Ludwig Kappos, Maria Trojano, Ray Su, Nolan Campbell, P
1. Belachew, S, Phan-Ba, R, Bartholome, E, et al. Natalizumab induces a rapid improvement of disability status and ambulation after failure of previous therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18: 240–245. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI 2. Cadavid, D, Jurgensen, S, Lee, S. Impact of natalizumab on ambulatory improvement in secondary progressive and disabled relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. PLoS ONE 2013; 8: e53297.
Estimates of the global reduction in liver disease‐related mortality with increased coffee consumption: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Dataset
Summary Background Epidemiological data suggest that coffee has a dose‐dependent protective effect on liver‐related mortality. Aim To estimate the potential impact of increased per capita coffee consumption on global liver‐related mortality.
Clinical outcomes in patients who discontinue natalizumab therapy after 2 years in the Tysabri® Observational Program (TOP)
1. Polman, CH, O’Connor, PW, Havrdova, E, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354(9): 899–910. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI 2. Ho, PR, Koendgen, H, Campbell, N, et al. Risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: A retrospective analysis of data from four clinical studies. Lancet Neurol 2017; 16(11): 925–933. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline 3.
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Publication HistoryPublished online: February 24, 2018Accepted: February 23, 2018; Received: February 23, 2018;
Lymphocyte count in peripheral blood is not associated with the level of clinical response to treatment with fingolimod
Publication HistoryPublished online: November 21, 2017Accepted: November 20, 2017; Received in revised form: November 16, 2017; Received: February 2, 2017;
Impaired placental autophagy in placental malaria
Placental malaria with intervillositis was associated with higher LC3-II:LC3-I ratio, suggesting increased autophagosome formation. We found higher density of autophagosomes and lysosomes in the syncytiotrophoblast of malaria-infected placentas with intervillositis.
Comparative effectiveness of rituximab relative to IFN-β or glatiramer acetate in relapsing-remitting MS from the Swedish MS registry
To compare treatment effectiveness and persistence in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients who initiated rituximab versus glatiramer acetate (GA) or interferon-beta (IFN-?). A total of 461 patients from the Swedish MS registry in the rituximab arm were propensity score matched on a 1:2 basis with 922 patients from the IFN-?/GA comparator, between April 2005 and November 2015. Annualised relapse rate (ARR) was compared using the Poisson method.
Epidemiology of infections and antimicrobial use in Australian haemodialysis outpatients: findings from a Victorian surveillance network, 2008-2015
Publication HistoryPublished online: May 30, 2017Accepted: May 24, 2017; Received: April 3, 2017;
Quantifying Adaptive and Innate Immune Responses in HIV-Infected Participants Using a Novel High Throughput Assay
HIV infection is characterised by persistent immune dysfunction of both the adaptive and innate immune responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate these responses using a novel high throughput assay in healthy controls and HIV-infected individuals prior to and following anti-retroviral treatment (ART). Whole blood was assessed using the QuantiFERON Monitor® (QFM) assay containing adaptive and innate immunostimulants. Interferon (IFN)-?
Quantifying risk of early relapse in patients with first demyelinating events: Prediction in clinical practice
Characteristics at clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) examination assist in identification of patient at highest risk of early second attack and could benefit the most from early disease-modifying drugs (DMDs). To examine determinants of second attack and validate a prognostic nomogram for individualised risk assessment of clinical conversion. Patients with CIS were prospectively followed up in the MSBase Incident Study.
Contribution of different relapse phenotypes to disability in multiple sclerosis
This study evaluated the effect of relapse phenotype on disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis. Analysis of prospectively collected data was conducted in 19,504 patients with relapse-onset multiple sclerosis and minimum 1-year prospective follow-up from the MSBase cohort study. Multivariable linear regression models assessed associations between relapse incidence, phenotype and changes in disability (quantified with Expanded Disability Status Scale and its Functional System scores).
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