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Articles by Wen Gu
Blanche Hoschedé-Monet: The Successful Painter History Remembered as Monet’s Stepdaughter
She was photographed beside Claude Monet in his garden at Giverny. She was called “the blue angel” by Georges Clemenceau. She is remembered as Monet’s stepdaughter, his daughter-in-law, and the devoted guardian of his house after his death.
HGF mRNA LNP therapy promotes uterine repair after cesarean section in a mouse model
Abstract Previous cesarean scar defect (PCSD) is the most common complication following cesarean delivery, characterized by myometrial thinning or disruption. Its incidence rises with increasing number of cesarean sections, reaching 76% after three procedures, yet effective clinical interventions remain lacking. Inadequate blood supply and weak regeneration of the lower uterine segment are key pathogenic contributors, suggesting that improving local perfusion could facilitate wound healing.
The Venetian Color Box—How Trade Shaped the Palette of Renaissance Painters
Venetian painters relied on specialized color merchants (vendecolori), whose shops reveal how commerce shaped the city’s extraordinary palette. Made from lapis lazuli imported from Afghanistan, ultramarine was one of the most expensive pigments in Venetian painting, symbolizing both artistic brilliance and the city’s global trade connections. Introduced from the Americas in the 16th century, cochineal lake brought an intense red hue to Venetian paintings, reflecting the luxury of dyed textiles.
Roots navigate around decay regions by sensing local pH gradients
Editor’s summary Structured Abstract Abstract Supplementary Materials References and Notes Information & Authors Metrics & Citations Check Access References Figures Tables Media Share Editor’s summary Biological decay is widespread in soil and is important for nutrient recycling. However, it can also harbor pathogenic and spoilage microbes. Whether plants can sense and evade decaying matter has not been well understood. Bao et al.
Multi-stack InP/GaAsP quantum dot lasers on Si with high characteristic temperature
Monolithic integration of InP quantum dot (QD) lasers on silicon is essential for on-chip quantum technologies and biophotonics. We demonstrate 780-nm InP/GaAsP QD lasers monolithically grown on (001) Si with an improved characteristic temperature (T0) of 125 K in the 20–50 °C range. By increasing the active-region stacking to five layers, the threshold current density was reduced to 0.86 kA/cm2 with a thermal wavelength shift of 0.25 nm/°C.
Structural Designs and Implantation Strategies of Penetrating Flexible Neural Electrodes: From Planar Shanks to Volumetric Neural Interfaces
1 Introduction Neural electrodes are essential components of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), providing the physical and functional link for bidirectional communication between neural circuits and external electronic systems. Historically, the field has been dominated by rigid neural probes fabricated from silicon and metals, including the Michigan probe and Utah array [1, 2], as well as more recent high-density CMOS-based platforms such as Neuropixels [3].
Nitrogen metabolism profiling reveals cell state-specific pyrimidine synthesis pathway choice
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Abstract Stable isotope-tracing assays track few metabolites, yet cells use many nutrients to sustain nitrogen metabolism. Here we create a platform for tracing 30 nitrogen isotope-labelled metabolites in parallel to enable a system-level understanding of cellular nitrogen metabolism. This platform reveals that while primitive cells engage both de novo and salvage pyrimidine synthesis pathways, differentiated cells nearly exclusively salvage uridine.
By Milan R. Savani, Bingbing Li, Bailey Smith Verified, Wen Gu, Yi Xiao, Gerard Baquer, Tracey Shipman, Namya Manoj, Lauren G. Zacharias, Sylwia A. Stopka, Michael Regan, Michael Levitt, William Hicks, Misty S. Martin-Sandoval, João Patrício, Trevor S. Tippetts, Diana Shi Verified, Andrew Lemoff, Timothy Richardson, Pascal O Zinn, Ashley D Solmonson, Thomas Mathews, Ralph J. DeBerardinis, Kalil G. Abdullah, Samuel K. McBrayer, Skyler S. Oken, Vinesh T. Puliyappadamba, Charles K. Edgar, Soummitra Anand, Rainah Winston, Xandria Johnson, Nathalie Y. R. Agar
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Nature
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Diet Explains Significant Variance in Oral Microbial Community Structure
The authors have declared no competing interest. This study was supported by the Clinical Research Program of 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (grant number JYLJ202404); BTR was supported by a grant from the European Regional Development Fund and Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, with the reference number [PID2022-143332OB-I00].
Pan Yuliang: From Being Seen to Seeing
Artist Stories Pan Yuliang lived many lives in one lifetime. She was a girl from Yangzhou who entered adulthood under precarious circumstances, a student in Shanghai, Lyon, Paris, and Rome, a painter who worked across China and France for decades, and a woman who kept painting even when home and exile took a toll on her in different ways. She is still often introduced through a dramatic biographical voice, yet her real impact lies in what she made of life.
l -2-Hydroxyglutarate impairs neuronal differentiation through epigenetic activation of MYC expression
Abstract High levels of l- and d-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), the reduced forms of α-ketoglutarate (αKG), are implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer by modulating αKG-dependent dioxygenases involved in histone, DNA, and RNA demethylation. L-2HG dehydrogenase (L2HGDH) deficiency, a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism associated with systemic L-2HG elevation, causes progressive neurological disability and increased brain tumor risk of unclear mechanism.
Clementine Hunter: Painting Black Life from Memory
Artist Stories Clementine Hunter taught herself to paint in her fifities and spent the rest of her life chronicling the Black Southern experience, not with slogans or history books, but with color, memory, and care. Her world was one of Sunday worship, washday, cotton fields, and funeral processions—scenes most museums once ignored. Through her eyes, they come to life. A Scene You’ll Never Forget Clementine Hunter, Picking Cotton, 1950s, Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
10 Famous Artists You Wouldn't Think Were Self-Taught
Largely self-taught, Frida Kahlo turned personal trauma into fierce self-portraits that confront pain, identity, and womanhood. Starting in her late seventies, Grandma Moses painted warm, detailed scenes of rural American life that made her a defining figure of folk art. Henri Rousseau, a former customs officer, painted imaginative jungles from books and greenhouses, creating dreamlike, unconventional scenes.
IRP1 deficiency alters mitochondrial metabolism and protects against metabolic syndrome pathologies
ResearchHepatologyMetabolism Open Access | 10.1172/jci.insight.183247 JCI Insight. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.183247. Copyright © 2026, Gu et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. View PDF Abstract Iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) is a post-transcriptional regulator of cellular iron metabolism.
Anna Coleman Ladd: The Sculptor Who Healed the Faces of War
Artist Stories European Art When World War I left thousands of soldiers with faces they could no longer recognize, one sculptor decided to help them face the world again. Anna Coleman Ladd, an American artist in Paris, used copper, plaster, and paint to rebuild not only their appearance but also their sense of humanity. The World That Lost Its Faces The Great War was unlike any conflict before it. Machine guns and shellfire left millions wounded and thousands disfigured beyond recognition.
Global Burden of young Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021: analyses from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Keywords Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Young age Burden of disease Epidemiology Disability-adjusted life years Get full text access Log in, subscribe or purchase for full access. References 1. Meghji, J. ∙ Mortimer, K. ∙ Agusti, A. ... Improving lung health in low-income and middle-income countries: from challenges to solutions Lancet. 2021; 397:928-940 2. Venkatesan, P. GOLD COPD report: 2024 update Lancet Respir Med. 2024; 12:15-16 3. Li, M. ∙ Hanxiang, C. ∙ Na, Z. ...
A Retrospective Study on the Clinical Characteristics and Management o
Back to Journals » ImmunoTargets and Therapy » Volume 15 Authors Xia Y, Gao S, Wei Q, Gu W, Li X , Qu H Received 14 September 2025 Accepted for publication 1 January 2026 Published 21 January 2026 Volume 2026:15 Pages 1—15 DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/ITT.S566542 Checked for plagiarism Yes Review by Single anonymous peer review Peer reviewer comments 2 Editor who approved publication: Professor Michael Shurin Yu Xia,1,* Song Gao,1,* Qianxue Wei,1,* Wen Gu,2,* Xiuqin Li,1 Hui...
A Machine Learning-Based Model to Estimate the Risk of Pulmonary Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
1 Introduction Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or renal failure. Its prevalence ranges from 20% to 25% across different CKD stages [1, 2], and can reach up to 78% in patients referred for right heart catheterization (RHC) [3]. PH is defined as mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) of ≥25 mmHg, measured by RHC [4].
Monolithic three-dimensional neural probes from deterministic rolling of soft electronics - Nature Electronics
Abstract Cognition and behaviour rely on coordinated activity from neural circuits distributed across three dimensions. However, typical probes for recording neural activity in the brain are limited to two-dimensional interfacing due to the planar semiconductor fabrication process. Here we report a rolling-of-soft-electronics approach to create monolithic three-dimensional (3D) neural probes with high scalability and design flexibility.
Assessing Residents' Preferences for Inclusive Commercial Health Insur
Back to Journals » Patient Preference and Adherence » Volume 19 Authors Jia Y, Zhu X , Liu X, Gu W, Cao Y, Li H, Xu L, Leng L, Yu H, Zhai T, Huang W Received 6 August 2025 Accepted for publication 30 October 2025 Published 6 November 2025 Volume 2025:19 Pages 3453—3467 DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S558869 Checked for plagiarism Yes Review by Single anonymous peer review Peer reviewer comments 2 Editor who approved publication: Dr Ramón Morillo-Verdugo Yanni Jia,1,* Xiaoying...
Conservation and divergence of metabolic phenotypes between patient tumours and matched xenografts - Nature Metabolism
Abstract Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are frequently used as preclinical models, but their recapitulation of tumour metabolism in patients has not been closely examined. We developed a parallel workflow to analyse [U-13C]glucose tracing and metabolomics data from patient melanomas and matched PDXs. Melanomas from patients have substantial TCA cycle labelling, similar to levels in human brain tumours.
Photodegradation behavior and antibacterial activity of light transition metal-based tetranaphthalene porphyrin/C3N5 heterojunction† In this study, light transition metal-based tetranaphthalene porphyrin/C3N5 [(Np)4MP/CN-x, x is the mass ratio, M = Ni, Cu, Zn] heterojunction composites were prepared and characterized.
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances elicits cell type-specific impacts on p53 and TGF-β signaling pathways
Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of synthetic chemicals extensively used as plastic additives. Their environmental persistence and potential for bioaccumulation have raised significant toxicological concerns. This study evaluates the cytotoxic and molecular effects of Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its replacement compound, Perfluoro(2-methyl-3-oxohexanoic) acid (Gen-X), in human-derived skin (A375), liver (HepG2), kidney (SN12C), and colon (SW620) cell lines.
Stabilized carbon coating on microelectrodes for scalable and interoperable neurotransmitter sensing - Nature Communications
Abstract Real-time monitoring of neurotransmitters is essential in driving basic neuroscience understandings and creating treatments for various brain disorders. However, current neurotransmitter sensing devices are highly limited in their spatiotemporal resolution and ability to integrate with neuronal recording. Here, we introduce a unique carbon coating approach to achieve high-performance voltammetry electrodes with extraordinary scalability and interoperability.
Vibrant Colors and Eccentric Designs of the 1980s-The Iconic Memphis Group
Heard of Memphis? And by that, I don’t mean the city in Tennessee or the ancient capital in Egypt, but an international group of designers and architects who one day met in Milan, Italy, to develop a new design style, which quickly became a revolutionizing global cultural phenomenon of the 1980s. Formation Founded by Ettore Sottsass and Barbara Radice in 1981, Memphis challenged the dominating Minimalist trend and the idea that design should above all be functional and useful.
One-Step Preparation and Characterization of a Protein-Sucrose Wood Adhesive with Excellent Bonding Performance
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Development and Evaluation of a Low-Jitter Hand Tracking System for Improving Typing Efficiency in a Virtual Reality Workspace
1. Introduction In the post-pandemic era, the increasing acceptance of remote work and online education has become an undeniable reality. Against this backdrop, virtual reality (VR) technology is gradually gaining prominence, hailed as an innovative approach to remote work and education.
Modelling and Intelligent Decision of Partially Observable Penetration Testing for System Security Verification
1. Introduction As network systems become arger and more complex, there is an increasing focus on how to verify the security of systems that are at risk of being attacked. Automated penetration testing [1] is one of the effective ways to achieve this. Traditional Penetration Testing (PT) relies on manual approaches that become impractical as systems grow in size and complexity.
Multitime Scale Reactive Power and Voltage Optimal Regulation for Transmission Network With Wind Power Cluster Based on Model Predictive Control
1. Introduction With the global energy structure transitioning and the rapid development of renewable energy, the proportion of wind power in the power system is increasing. However, the integration of wind power clusters (WPCs) poses new challenges to the reactive power optimization of power systems [1, 2].
Modeling and Intelligent Decision of Partially Observable Penetration Testing for System Security Verification
Preprint Article Version 1 This version is not peer-reviewed Version 1 : Received: 23 October 2024 / Approved: 23 October 2024 / Online: 23 October 2024 (11:59:30 CEST) Liu, X.; Zhang, Y.; Li, W.; Gu, W. Modeling and Intelligent Decision of Partially Observable Penetration Testing for System Security Verification. Preprints 2024, 2024101810. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.1810.v1 Liu, X.; Zhang, Y.; Li, W.; Gu, W.
Between Word and Image: The Creative Mind of David Jones
David Jones was influenced by Welsh heritage, natural and cultural, the Pre-Raphaelites, 19th-century illustrators, and Paul Gauguin. WWI also had an crucial impact on his life and art. In 1921 Jones became a Roman Catholic and joined religious art and craft communities. The rural lifestyle impacted his numerous paintings of Welsh landscape. In his work he often combined his poetry with images, a route that resembles William Blake’s art.
Nitrogen and Oxygen Co‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dots as a Trace Amphipathic Additive for Dendrite‐Free Zn Anodes
Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. Supporting Information Filename Description adfm202412027-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx8.6 MB Supporting Information References 1, , , , Adv. Funct. Mater. 2023, 33, 2304878. 2, , , , , , , Energy. Environ. Sci. 2024, 17, 369. 3, , , , , , , , Nano Micro Lett. 2022, 14, 42. 4, , , , , , , Adv. Funct. Mater. 2024, 34, 2315726. 5, , , , , , Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2024, 63, 202318149. 6, , , , , , , , Energy. Environ. Sci. 2022, 15, 5017.
Forests | Free Full-Text | Changes in Water Dynamics and Vigor of Recalcitrant Phoebe chekiangensis Seeds during Desiccation by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Transmission Electron Microscopy
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Toxicity of soil leaching liquor from coking plant in developmental zebrafish embryos/larvae model
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interest or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Supporting Information Filename Description jat4692-sup-0001-1_ Supplementary_ material.docxWord 2007 document , 88.2 KB Table S1: Content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Taiyuan soil samples (μg/kg).
Glycolytic enzyme PGK1 promotes M1 macrophage polarization and induces pyroptosis of acute lung injury via regulation of NLRP3 - Respiratory Research
Wild-type (WT) male C57BL/6J mice, aged 6–8 weeks, were sourced from Shanghai Slack Experiment Co., Ltd. These mice were accommodated in a controlled, pathogen-free environment at the Xinhua Hospital Animal Laboratory in Shanghai, China. All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the approved protocols by the Ethics Committee of Xinhua Hospital, affiliated with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Approval No, XHEC-F-2023-067).
Giant Manipulation of Thermal Conductivity Anisotropy in Black Phosphorene Under External Electric Fields
Giant Manipulation of Thermal Conductivity Anisotropy in Black Phosphorene Under External Electric Fields The thermal anisotropy of materials holds significant theoretical and practical implications in the domains of thermal transport and thermoelectricity. Black phosphorene, a novel two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor, is notable for its exceptional chemical and physical properties, attracting substantial attention for its thermal transport characteristics.
Addressing Class Imbalances in Video Time-Series Data for Estimation of Learner Engagement: “Over Sampling with Skipped Moving Average”
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
An interactive web application for exploring human plasma and fibroblast metabolomics data from patients with inborn errors of metabolism
Abstract Metabolomic profiling is instrumental in understanding the systemic and cellular impact of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs), monogenic disorders caused by pathogenic genomic variants in genes involved in metabolism. This study encompasses untargeted metabolomics analysis of plasma from 474 individuals and fibroblasts from 67 subjects, incorporating healthy controls, patients with 65 different monogenic diseases, and numerous undiagnosed cases.
NIS-mediated regioselective additions of allenamides with pyrazoles: synthesis of iodo-substituted allylic pyrazoles.
NIS-mediated regioselective additions of allenamides with pyrazoles: synthesis of iodo-substituted allylic pyrazoles. A strategy for the synthesis of iodo-substituted allylic pyrazoles through NIS-mediated regioselective additions of allenamides with pyrazoles is presented. This reaction proceeds rapidly, is scalable up to a gram scale, and tolerates a broad scope of substrates. Moreover, using 1,2,4-triazole as the nucleophile, the corresponding 1,2-addition product was obtained in good yield.
Six Exquisite Mother-of-Pearl Artifacts from Gujarat
Mother-of-Pearl is an iridescent layer carved out of snail shells, usually the Turbo Marmoratus. It is a luminous material that naturally reflects pink and green hues. In the 16th and 17th centuries, it was used to embellish highly sought-after luxury items. These were usually ostentatious display pieces. Western India emerged as a center of mother-of-pearl works around 1502. Workshops in the Gujarat area created magnificent objects out of mother-of-pearl with settings of gold or gilded silver.
Multifunctional Flexible Sensor Based on PU‐TA@MXene Janus Architecture for Selective Direction Recognition
Abstract Multifunctional selectivity and mechanical properties have always been a focus of attention in the field of flexible sensors. In particular, the construction of biomimetic architecture for sensing materials can endow the fabricated sensors with intrinsic response features and extra derived functions.
Plakatstil in the 20th Century: Modern Poster Design from Germany
Design min Read Art Forms Design By the beginning of the 20th century, young designers had moved on from the intricate forms of Art Nouveau and Arts and Crafts. The first golden age of modern poster design, Plakatstil or Sachplakat, arrived around the 1900s in Germany; ideas were centered on innovative and novel techniques.
Learn History of Design with 1000 Design Classics
Design Design If you’re a design connoisseur (or an average enthusiast of aesthetically pleasing items), there is a huge chance you’ve heard of the groundbreaking three-volume Phaidon Design Classics. If not, it’s the perfect time to get familiarized, as a new, updated version has been released for contemporary readers. 1000 Design Classics showcases the most influential and iconic products designed from 1663 to the modern day in a more comprehensive and relevant way than ever before.
Absinthe - Art Nouveau's Green Fairy
Since becoming popular in late 19th century France, in the era of Art Nouveau, absinthe has always had a certain mystique. Derived mostly from the leaves of Artemisia absinthium (wormwood), absinthe became known as la fée verte (“the green fairy”), due to its frequent green coloration.
Ende: The First Documented Spanish Female Manuscript Illuminator
Early medieval artists were mostly priests and monks. Churches and monasteries required many worship books and thus richly ornamented manuscripts constituted a large part of medieval artworks. Gerona Beatus is a 975 manuscript illuminated by Ende, the first female European artist to be recorded. Ende was likely not a nun but a noblewoman who resided in Tábara Monastery in Spain, which produced some of the most significant codices of the time.
The Charm of Colorful and Shiny Italian Maiolica Ceramic Wares
Maiolica ceramic wares are exquisitely decorated and vibrantly colored handmade artworks made popular during the Italian Renaissance. Their timeless beauty has inspired artists and fascinated art collectors throughout the ages. The maiolica technique illuminated ceramics that reflected the elegance of an era and continue to dazzle us even today.
The Art of Latin American Lettering
Latin American lettering is a legacy of craft-based traditions with a strong design and vibrant colors enhanced by an aesthetic with a rich Indigenous identity and history. Cartelismo Popular Craft in the USA and Europe are different than in Latin America. In northern countries, usually, craft techniques are learned in academic courses and are practiced by professionals who see in this activity a form of self-expression.
Cameo Carving: The Art of Transforming Shell and Stone
Design min Read Design Art Nouveau Cameo carving has existed since long before ancient times. These cherished treasures were often made of hardstone, seashells or coral. Historically, cameos functioned as ornamental status symbols and talismans. Cameo jewelry added flair to fashion during the Victorian era. Here’s a brief overview of the shifting popularity of cameos throughout the ages.
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