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Articles by Wen Sun
Integrating Polygenic Risk Score, Sex, and Family History to Personalize the Initial Screening Age for Colorectal Cancer
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement This work has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource. The UK Biobank is an open access resource and bona fide researchers can apply to use the UK Biobank dataset by registering and applying at http://ukbiobank.ac.uk/register-apply/. The genetic data analyzed in this study can be downloaded from https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/. Further information is available from the corresponding author upon request.
Plasma multi-omics signatures of the EAT-Lancet diet and associations with health outcomes
Abstract The EAT-Lancet diet aims to optimize human health and environmental sustainability, but the biological changes associated with this dietary pattern remain incompletely characterized. We aimed to identify plasma proteomic and metabolomic signatures associated with adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and to examine their associations with long-term health outcomes. We analyzed 204,938 UK Biobank participants with at least one 24-h dietary recall and baseline covariate data.
An engineered nanopore identifies saccharides, amino acids, peptides and ribonucleotides
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Abstract Simultaneous characterization of proteins, RNAs and glycans with a nanopore remains a substantial challenge. To advance toward this goal, we introduce a multifunctional adaptor, maleimido-C2-formylphenylboronic acid (maleimido-C2-FPBA), into the Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA) nanopore at the pore constriction site.
By Lang Yao, Zixuan Wang, Jialu Chen, Wen Sun, Kefan Wang, Yunqi Xiao, Hanhan Zhang, Wenzheng Li, Yifan Wang Verified, Lulu Zhao, Xinyi Dai, Lu Qian, Panke Zhang, Shuo Huang
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Nature
Verified
Functional Monomer-Enabled Hierarchical Hydrogen-Bonding Structure for Impact-Resistant, Self-Healing and 3D Printing
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Supporting Information Filename Description adfm78215-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx1.8 MB Supporting File: adfm78215-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx.
A label-free adaptive signal reconstruction strategy within a supervised framework for rolling bearing fault diagnosis
Abstract Rolling bearing fault diagnosis remains challenging because weak impulsive components are easily masked by mechanical interference, and the performance of variational mode decomposition is highly sensitive to parameter selection and modal screening. To address these issues, this study proposes a label-free adaptive signal reconstruction framework in which an improved crested porcupine optimizer is used to optimize VMD parameters without using fault label information.
Analysis of influencing factors for syphilis serofast and development and evaluation of a predictive model
Abstract Background: With the rising incidence of syphilis in recent decades, the number of patients with syphilis serofast has also increased, posing challenges to clinical management of patients and increasing the social burden. Objective: In this study, we aimed to analyze influencing factors associated with syphilis serofast, develop and validate a predictive model for clinical prevention of syphilis serofast. Methods: A total of 373 syphilis patients were selected as the study subjects.
Immunotherapy plus targeted therapy for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: an updated meta-analysis and subgroup analysis by target mechanism
Abstract Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with dismal outcomes for patients with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) disease. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have reshaped the treatment paradigm for R/M HNSCC, the efficacy of monotherapy remains limited.
Sequential reading of a stepwise-shortened peptide immobilized on nanopore
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Abstract Accurate decoding of peptide sequences is crucial in proteomics. However, achieving this goal is a technical challenge, owing to the compositional and structural complexity of peptides1. Studies inspired by the success of nanopore nucleic acid sequencing have shown that nanopore-based techniques can also be applied to peptide sequencing2,3. The key is to generate narrowly distributed, consistent and sequence-dependent events during sequential nanopore readout.
By Jialu Chen, Hanhan Zhang, Kefan Wang, Tian Li, Wen Sun, Zixuan Wang, Xinmeng Gao, Zhenyuan Cao, Yusheng Ouyang, Lang Yao, Yifan Wang Verified, Yunqi Xiao, Ruidong Li, Xingwang An, Xinyi Dai, Lulu Zhao, Lu Qian, Panke Zhang, Shuo Huang
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Nature
Verified
Cholinergic basal forebrain modulation of glymphatic function: implications for depression
Abstract Emerging evidence links glymphatic dysfunction to depression, yet its regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Through multimodal neuroimaging of two independent cohorts, we tested the hypothesis that the cholinergic basal forebrain (ChBF) modulates glymphatic function and thereby contributes to depression.
[2609.19017] Large-deviation bounds for cluster coagulation models with gelation
We establish pathwise large-deviation bounds for the empirical-measure flow of a cluster coagulation model with gelling kernels on a locally compact Polish state space. The cluster coagulation process is a measure-valued Markov jump process in which pairs of clusters merge according to a time-inhomogeneous kernel $K(t,x,y,d z)$.
Optimization design of metal sealing rings for ultra-high-pressure gas well hangers based on adaptive local-global Kriging with gradient-guided hybrid optimization
ABSTRACT The sealing performance of metal sealing rings in ultra-high pressure gas well hangers is critical to wellbore integrity and production safety, yet their optimization design faces significant challenges due to highly nonlinear responses, abrupt gradient changes, and substantial computational costs.
Reproductive behaviors, genetic susceptibility and accelerated aging risk
Abstract We examined the associations of reproductive behaviors and genetic susceptibility with aging indicators among female participants in the UK Biobank. Reproductive behaviors included the number of children ever born (NEB), age at first birth (AFB), age at last birth (ALB), and span of years of births (SYB). Aging indicators included frailty, PhenoAge acceleration, KDM-BA acceleration, and brain age difference (BrainAGE-diff).
High-resolution nanopore peptide sensing, profiling and sequence assembly
Abstract Nanopores have been explored as a potential platform for protein analysis following the success of nanopore nucleic acid sequencing. However, protein sequencing remains technically challenging and has not yet been established for proteomics use. Here a nickel-immobilized Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA-NTA-Ni) nanopore is shown to enable the identification of a range of proteomic analytes, including amino acids and peptides up to 39 amino acids in length.
Research on an islanding detection method suitable for distributed generation grid-connection complex system
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Citation: Sun W, Yu S, Jiang Z (2026) Research on an islanding detection method suitable for distributed generation grid-connection complex system. PLoS One 21(5): e0350272. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0350272 Editor: Qinglin Meng, State Grid Corporation of China, CHINA Received: September 19, 2025; Accepted: May 8, 2026; Published: May 28, 2026 Copyright: © 2026 Sun et al.
Postoperative nursing after tracheoplasty for congenital tracheal stenosis
Abstract Background: To explore targeted nursing strategies for managing postoperative complications in children with congenital tracheal stenosis (CTS) following tracheoplasty. Methods: A total of 263 children with CTS who underwent tracheoplasty were retrospectively analyzed.
Evaluation of large language models and retrieval-augmented generation for clinical reasoning in pediatric myopia: a 50-case real-world study
Abstract To evaluate the clinical reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems in pediatric myopia management using a real-world, expert-annotated case set covering diverse refractive, pathological, and high-risk scenarios. Six models were tested: baseline LLMs (GPT Base, Gemini Base, Grok Base) and their RAG variants (GPT-RAG, Gemini-RAG, Grok-RAG).
Resting-state EEG microstate dynamics indicate altered brain network temporal organization in age-related hearing loss
Abstract Objective: Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is increasingly recognized as a condition that involves changes in the central nervous system beyond the auditory pathway, with growing evidence showing altered large-scale brain network connectivity. However, how ARHL reshapes the temporal organization of large-scale brain networks remains poorly understood.
TopCas: Topology-Gated Cas12a via DNA-RNA Chimeric Circular crRNA for Amplification-Free Nucleic Acid Detection and Conditional Gene Editing
1 Introduction The CRISPR–Cas systems have revolutionized the fields of genome engineering and molecular diagnostics by virtue of their precisely engineered nucleic acid-targeting capabilities [1-3]. In particular, Cas12a (Cpf1) combines a compact single-RNA architecture with dual nuclease activities: site-specific (“cis”) cleavage of the target sequence and nonspecific (“trans”) collateral cleavage of single-stranded DNA reporters [4-6].
Significant Enhancement in the Thermoelectric Properties of PEDOT: PSS Films Through Lone Pair–π Coupling with Polyethylenimine Ethoxylated
1 Introduction Thermoelectric (TE) materials have attracted significant attention because they can be adopted to directly harvest waste heat into electricity, and there is abundant waste heat on Earth [1-4]. Their TE performance can be evaluated by the dimensionless figure of merit (ZT), ZT = S2σT/κ, where S, σ, κ, and T are the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and absolute temperature, respectively. The term S2σ is known as the power factor (PF) [5-7].
The Effects of Gut Microbiota, Plasma Metabolites, Immune Cells, Blood Cells and Cytokines on Schizophrenia: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomisation Study
Ayuda Buscar en la ayuda Buscar en la ayuda The Effects of Gut Microbiota, Plasma Metabolites, Immune Cells, Blood Cells and Cytokines on Schizophrenia: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomisation Study Kaihong Zhang [1] ; Wen Sun [1] ; Qingxiang Meng [1] ; Gaowei Liu [1] ; Xinyuan Hu [1] ; Sufang Qi [1] ; Xi Liu [1] ; Wei Wang [1] ; Junmei Wei [1] ; Jiawei Jin [1] ; Cuicui Zhang [1] ; Yu Cao [1] [1] Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, China...
Enhancing DNAzyme Silencing via Phosphorothiolation to Reduce the Mg2+‐Dependence
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data supporting the finding of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. References 1, , , , , and , “Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Single-Stranded DNA In Vitro,” Biotechnology Journal 19, no. 4 (2024): 2400026. 2, “DNA Catalysis: The Chemical Repertoire of DNAzymes,” Molecules 20, no. 11 (2015): 20777–20804.
Atomic‐Scale Mechanisms of Multi‐Resistance States in HfOx‐Based RRAM: Evolution of Atomic Electric Fields and Oxygen Vacancies
1 Introduction RRAM-based computing-in-memory (CIM) technology has progressed rapidly in the past decade, advancing from array-level demonstrations to prototype chips [1, 2], and showing tremendous potential for accelerating artificial intelligence (AI) applications [3, 4]. Nevertheless, RRAM, the core device in this technology, still suffers from reliability issues, including significant variability and post-programming conductance drift (i.e., relaxation effect) [5, 6].
Revealing Causal Protein Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Histologic‐Specific Lung Cancer
1 Introduction Lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality in 2022, with nearly 2.5 million new cases and over 1.8 million deaths worldwide [1]. The 5-year survival rate for lung cancer is below 20% in most countries, primarily because the majority of cases are diagnosed with a poor pulmonary condition [1]. Early screening among high-risk individuals has demonstrated a 16%–24% reduction in lung cancer mortality [2].
Prediction and Model Validation of UHPC-NSC Interface Bonding Performance Based on Machine Learning Algorithms
Get full access to this article View all available purchase options and get full access to this article. Data Availability Statement Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Bronchoscopic management of airway fistulas: a clinical analysis of 45 cases with integrated bioinformatic analysis
Abstract Background Airway fistula represents a complex clinical condition where the optimal bronchoscopic management remains controversial. This study aims to evaluate clinical characteristics, bronchoscopic treatment efficacy, and prognostic factors. Methods This retrospective study analysed 45 patients with fistulas who underwent a total of 56 bronchoscopic intervention sessions over the past seven years.
Targeted and immunotherapy based on tissue of origin in carcinoma of unknown primary: a two-case report and literature review
Abstract Background: Patients with carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) generally have a poor prognosis due to the lack of effective treatment options resulting from unclear diagnosis. Determining the tumor type through tumor origin testing, followed by cancer-specific genetic testing and precision therapy, may potentially improve the prognosis of CUP patients. Case presentation: Case 1: A 44-year-old male patient presented to a local hospital with lower limb pain.
Event‐Triggered Finite‐Time Group Bipartite Consensus Control for Multi‐Agent Systems With Input Saturation
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. References 1, , and , “A Multi-Agent System for Operating Hyperconnected Freight Transportation in the Physical Internet,” IFAC-PapersOnLine 56, no. 2 (2023): 7585–7590. 2 and , “Switching Tube Model Predictive Based Controller Design for Multi-Agent Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System With Hybrid Topology,” International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 33, no. 17 (2023): 10468–10492.
Frontiers | Predictors of functional deterioration from 90 days to 1 year after endovascular treatment for vertebrobasilar artery occlusion: a multicenter retrospective study
1 Introduction VBAO represents the most lethal subtype of acute posterior circulation stroke. Although it accounts for only approximately 1% of all ischemic strokes and 5–10% of large vessel occlusion strokes (1, 2), it carries a devastatingly high mortality rate of 40–60% (3–5). Even when patients survive, they frequently suffer severe disability, significantly diminishing quality of life and imposing substantial burdens on both families and society.
Evaluating the efficacy and safety of tebentafusp in the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma: a 2025 update systematic review and meta-analysis
1Department of Ophthalmology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai, China Background: Metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) is an aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis, posing a severe threat to patients’ survival and quality of life. In recent years, tebentafusp, a novel immunotherapeutic agent, has demonstrated promising potential in the management of mUM.
Frontiers | Ursodeoxycholic acid alleviates high-fat diet-induced liver injury by modulating gut microbiota-mediated bile acid metabolism: an integrated microbiota-metabolomics analysis
Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of hepatic pathologies ranging from simple steatosis to progressive hepatocyte injury and eventual fibrosis, representing the predominant cause of chronic liver disease globally. Epidemiological data reveal a prevalence of 29.1% in the general population, with risk factors including genetic predisposition, obesity, insulin resistance, and gut dysbiosis (1).
Event-triggered group-bipartite consensus control for multi-agent systems with input saturation
This paper primarily focuses on the problem of group-bipartite consensus control for cooperative–competitive multi-agent systems (MASs) with input saturation. Crucially, our study discards the traditional assumption that competition exists solely among subsystems. In the effort to optimise the utilisation of communication resources, a decentralised event-triggered protocol is adopted to ensure the group-bipartite consensus and avoid the Zeno behaviour.
Design of a high-resolution dual-mode optical system for automotive color projection
To meet the high-resolution and dual-mode projection requirements for automotive exteriors, a color projection optical system based on digital light processing (DLP) technology has been designed. An innovative dual-mode switching mechanism based on overall system rotation is proposed, enabling imaging on two mutually perpendicular planes and significantly expanding projection functionality and application scenarios.
Association Between Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio and Parkinson's Disease Across Different Glucose Metabolism Statuses-A Prospective Study From UK Biobank - Zhou - 2025 - European Journal of Neurology - Wiley Online Library
1 Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent and fastest-growing neurological disorder globally, characterized by progressive motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, and tremor, which severely impair quality of life and impose significant societal and economic burdens [1]. In 2019, PD affected over 10 million individuals worldwide [2].
Type I/II photosensitive processes switching of an unconventional dye modulated by the tumor microenvironment for inducing immunogenic death In this work, an unconventional Se-substituted hemicyanine dye (HCySe-O-NO2) decorated with p-nitrophenyl responsive moiety was reported, whose type I/II photosensitive processes could be regulated by the tumor microenvironment, alleviating the oxygen dependence of conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of solid tumors.
Full article: Effects of 12 weeks of Head-Down Strong Abdominal Breathing Training on Gait and Cognitive Function in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Abstract Background As chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) progresses, it can limit physical activity, resulting in reduced mobility. And patients with COPD have a higher incidence of cognitive impairment compared to normal individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of breathing training in COPD patients’ gait and cognitive function by changing the body position.
Irisin Research Landscape (2012–2024): A Visual Analysis of Evolving | BTT
Lijia Gao,1,* Wen Sun,1,* Hongwei Shi,2 Weijie Zhu,3 Haidong Wang,2 Juan Wang1 1Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China *These authors...
Energy Consumption Analysis and Optimization of Substation Building in Cold Regions Considering Various Influence Factors
4. Results and Discussion 4.1. OFAT Analysis This section verifies the baseline impact of relevant factors on cooling and heating loads through OFAT analysis, which is used as a basis for further proposing ways to optimize substation building loads under different equipment heat generation. The calculation results are shown in the following graphs.
π−π Interactions Strategy for Targeting Highly Thermostable Bis(arylimino)pyridyliron Precatalysts in Ethylene Polymerization The suboptimal catalytic performance of bis(arylimino)pyridyliron precatalysts in ethylene polymerization at elevated temperatures remains a significant challenge. In this study, a series of six bis(arylimino)pyridyliron chloride precatalysts with incorporation of benzosuberyl steric bulk was prepared and investigated for ethylene polymerization.
Immunosuppressive microenvironment of liver restrains chemotherapeutic efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer
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Improved JRA-3Q Soil Temperature in Permafrost Regions
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Effects of Irrigation Water Amount and Humic Acid on β-Glucan Synthesis in Post-Anthesis Grains of Naked Oats
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Non-destructive in situ monitoring of structural changes of 3D tumor spheroids during the formation, migration, and fusion process
eLife Assessment The ingenious design in this study achieved the observation of 3D cell spheroids from an additional lateral view and gained more comprehensive information than the traditional one angle of imaging. This extended the methods to investigate cell behaviors in the growth or migration of tumor organoids in a time-lapse manner and these extensions should be important to the field. The authors provide compelling evidence that the methods work as described.
Photoluminescence and Stability of Dion-Jacobson Tin-Based Halide Perovskites with Different Spacer Cation Chain Length
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
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