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Articles by Hao Yu
From listening to doing: how project-based learning shapes academic emotions in lower-secondary mathematics
ABSTRACT Project-based learning (PjBL) is widely promoted as a student-centred approach, yet limited evidence explains how it shapes discrete academic emotions in lower-secondary mathematics. This study examined Grade 7 students’ mathematics-related academic emotions and unit-level mathematics achievement during the unit ‘Data Collection, Organization, and Description’.
Medicare and Bureau of Health Workforce and Funded Primary Care Residency Positions—Reply
In Reply We appreciate the comments by Drs Hayes and Dapkins regarding our study on Medicare-funded GME positions and the relevancy of the THCGME program to the US physician workforce policy landscape.1 Our investigation focused exclusively on the new Medicare-funded GME positions authorized by Congress through the Consolidated Appropriations Acts of 2021 and 2023, representing the first significant increase in Medicare-funded residency positions in more than 25 years.
Computer Science > Computation and Language
Mainstream large language models rely on a tokenizer to encode text into a token sequence. Different tokenizers may yield token sequences of substantially different lengths for the same text. With a fixed model architecture, shorter token sequences correspond to lower inference time.
Domino effect enables dynamic electronic structure evolution for stable and efficient water purification
Abstract The purification of water contaminated by persistent organic pollutants remains a critical global challenge, largely due to the intrinsic trade-off between high catalytic activity and long-term stability in advanced oxidation processes. Despite the tremendous potential of single-atom catalysis, its traditional static design strategies cannot adapt to dynamic and multi-step reactions.
Adaptive Output Tracking Control System Design With SPR-Based Adaptive PFC
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study. References 1, , and , Design of Model Reference Adaptive Control Systems for Aircraft (M.I.T. Instrumentation Laboratory, 1958). 2, “Model Reference Adaptive Control With an Augmented Error Signal,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 19, no. 5 (1974): 474–484.
Spatially resolved chromatin architectures in mammalian brain tissues
Abstract Unraveling 3D chromatin architectures is crucial for decoding regulatory programs of development and disease. However, current sequencing-based methods typically profile 3D genome organizations while sacrificing the spatial context of tissues. Here we present spatial high‑throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), a technology that resolves genome-wide chromatin structures directly within tissue sections.
Condensed Matter > Statistical Mechanics
Conventional centrality measures provide compact descriptions of node importance, but they emphasize specific structural relations and do not directly resolve the temporal and spectral organization of dynamical perturbation responses. Building on the Green function of a linearized networked system, we develop a multidimensional framework for dynamical node characterization.
Rural Emergency Hospitals : Promise, Peril, and a Path Forward
The US Congress responded to the growing crisis of hospital closures in the rural US by creating the Rural Emergency Hospital (REH), a new facility type focused only on emergency care, observation care, basic outpatient care (eg, laboratory tests and imaging), and short-term skilled nursing care.1 To qualify, a hospital must give up its inpatient acute care beds and keep the annual per-patient average length of stay under 24 hours, and in exchange, it receives 2 enhanced payment streams—an...
A novel FUT1 mutation c.268G>A (p.Gly90Ser) associated with the para-Bombay B blood phenotype
No abstract is available for this article. CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. REFERENCES 1, , , . Genotyping of the rare Para-Bombay blood group in southern Thailand. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther. 2023; 45: 449–455. 2, , , , , .
Memristive singular value decomposition
Abstract Singular value decomposition (SVD) underpins low-rank representation across scientific computing, signal processing, and machine learning. However, iterative computations in SVD are energy-intensive on conventional von Neumann architectures with separate storage and computation units, posing significant challenges for complex information processing.
Associations of systemic inflammatory indices with rheumatoid arthritis and all-cause mortality: a NHANES study with independent hospital-based replication
Abstract Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease associated with substantial morbidity and increased mortality. Although several composite inflammatory indices have been proposed as accessible biomarkers, their associations with RA and long-term prognosis remain incompletely understood. Methods: We analyzed 15,545 adults from five NHANES cycles (2001–2010), including 1,075 participants with self-reported RA.
Increasing chromium redirects rust-layer evolution in Cu-bearing weathering steels during tropical marine exposure
Abstract Weathering steels are vulnerable to sustained chloride deposition when their rust layers fail to stabilize. To clarify how a Cr gradient regulates rust formation in Cu-bearing steels, Q235 and four Cr-Cu steels containing 0.5–3.5 wt.% Cr with relatively stable Cu contents were exposed for two years in the tropical marine atmosphere of Wenchang, China.
Legal and Clinical Liability of Comanaging Pediatric Mental Health With Unregulated AI Chatbots
Topics Availability: Non-RAND Year: 2026 Pages: 1 Document Number: EP-71412 This publication is part of the RAND external publication series. Many RAND studies are published in peer-reviewed scholarly journals, as chapters in commercial books, or as documents published by other organizations. RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.
Effects of repeated-sprint training on intermittent aerobic endurance, anaerobic performance, and repeated-sprint ability in female collegiate basketball players
Abstract Objective: This study examined the effects of a 6-week repeated-sprint training (RST) intervention on intermittent aerobic endurance, anaerobic power, and repeated-sprint ability (RSA) in female collegiate basketball players compared with duration-matched continuous running.
Non-coding repeat expansions within NOTCH2NLC and RFC1 genes contribute to unsolved inherited peripheral neuropathies
Abstract Non-coding GGC repeat expansions in NOTCH2NLC and AAGGG repeat expansions in RFC1 have been implicated in NIID and CANVAS, respectively. Both disorders classically present with peripheral neuropathy as an initial manifestation. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of short tandem repeat (STR) expansions in NOTCH2NLC and RFC1 among patients with genetically undiagnosed inherited peripheral neuropathy (IPN).
A recursive framework of vehicle trajectory planning at mixed-traffic signalized intersections
A recursive framework of vehicle trajectory planning at mixed-traffic signalized intersections Research output: Contribution to journal › Research article › Contributed › peer-review
Correction: FK506 induces the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway independently of calcineurin inhibition to prevent intervertebral disk degeneration
A Correction on FK506 induces the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway independently of calcineurin inhibition to prevent intervertebral disk degeneration by Ge J, Wang Y, Yan Q, Wu C, Yu H, Yang H and Zou J (2020). Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 8:608308. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.608308 There was a mistake in Figure 5 as published. An incorrect MRI image was inadvertently used for the CAPI group at the 1-week time point in Figure 5A during figure assembly. The corrected Figure 5 appears below.
Mathematics > Numerical Analysis
We first prove spectral convergence of the random feature method (RFM) for multidimensional targets in Sobolev, Gevrey, ultra-analytic, and bandlimited classes. The analysis establishes general high-probability approximation estimates in the interpolation scale generated by a kernel integral operator.
Uptake via the leaf surface allows plants to perceive volatiles with closed stomata
Keywords plant volatiles herbivory plant-plant interactions green leaf volatiles crassulacean acid metabolism CAM Kalanchoë laxiflora stomata Introduction Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are emitted by plants shape multitrophic interactions in terrestrial ecosystems.1 They can attract pollinators and seed dispersers,2 protect plants against both biotic and abiotic stresses,3 and trigger defensive responses in neighboring plants.4,5 To be perceived by plants, the volatiles must first be...
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Development and validation of the 6-dye lyophilized fluorescent multiplex PCR system
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Citation: Cui Y, Zhang Z, Yu H, Ji M, Jia L, Song W, et al. (2026) Development and validation of the 6-dye lyophilized fluorescent multiplex PCR system. PLoS One 21(8): e0356258. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0356258 Editor: Babak Pakbin, Texas A&M University, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Received: February 20, 2026; Accepted: July 31, 2026; Published: August 27, 2026 Copyright: © 2026 Cui et al.
Knowledge-informed graph attention networks enable defect-free alloy design for laser additive manufacturing
Abstract Machine learning offers a promising approach to design high-performance alloys for laser additive manufacturing, by bypassing convoluted physical models and identifying correlations among composition, processing, microcracks/porosity and properties. However, conventional machine learning methods face limitations, e.g., overfitting or unreasonable design results, due to reliance on large, high-quality datasets.
Prevalence of Mental Health Discussions in Publicly Available Generative AI Conversations
Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are increasingly used for social, relational, and emotional guidance, as they provide advice in situations ranging from everyday stress to explicit mental health crises.1 Technology companies, researchers, and news outlets have begun estimating how often these interactions occur, but their estimates diverge sharply.
Health Care Workforce Immigration to the UK After Its European Union Membership Referendum
Supplement 1. eAppendix. Control Countries eTable 1. Changes in Annual Physician Inflow to the UK by Origin: Unadjusted Results of the CITS Models eTable 2. Changes in Annual Nurse Inflow to the UK by Origin: Unadjusted Results of the CITS Models eTable 3. Changes in Monthly NHS England Vacancies by Clinician Type: Unadjusted Results of ITS Models eTable 4. Changes in Annual Physician Inflow to the UK by Origin with only EU Countries as Controls: Results of the CITS Models eTable 5.
A Self-Correcting Adaptive Remeshing Strategy for Three-Dimensional Phase-Field Fracture Simulation
1 Introduction Material failure caused by fracture significantly affects the reliability and stability of structural components in engineering applications.
A dataset of fluvial fish richness metrics for stream reaches across the conterminous U.S.
Abstract Fluvial fishes, those primarily inhabiting rivers and streams, are facing substantial threats in their native ranges from habitat degradation which contributes to decreases in richness and abundance of many species. Because distributions of fluvial species are often not well developed across large spatial scales, the ability to understand the consequences of threats is limited.
PaDoc: Layout-Grounded Parallel Decoding for Document Parsing
Published on Aug 6 · Submitted by Hao Yu on Aug 7 · Tsinghua University Abstract End-to-end document parsers provide a unified interface, but serialize page layouts and regional contents into one autoregressive sequence. This formulation forces independent regions onto a decoding path whose length grows with the total content, whereas crop-based two-stage parsers expose region-level parallelism at the cost of repeated visual prefills and fragmented page context.
Machine learning force field molecular dynamics simulation of interfacial reactions on platinum in concentrated aqueous electrolytes
Abstract Aqueous lithium-ion batteries provide a promising route toward safe and sustainable energy storage, yet their energy density is constrained by the narrow electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes. Although high salt concentrations can kinetically extend the cathodic limit of the electrolyte via anion-derived interphases, this effect depends strongly on the electrode material and is absent on platinum.
Metabolic CRISPR screening identifies RPE as a key regulator of acquired enzalutamide resistance through FKBP5 destabilization in prostate cancer
Abstract Enzalutamide is a cornerstone therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), yet acquired resistance remains a major clinical challenge. Although metabolic enzymes are increasingly recognized as modulators of therapeutic response, their specific roles—particularly their non-enzymatic functions—in sustaining enzalutamide resistance remain incompletely understood.
Plötzlich Heimweh
Als erfolgreiche chinesische Fernsehreporterin ist Yu Hao permanent rund um den Globus unterwegs. Bei einer Reportage in der Schweiz verliebt sie sich und kehrt bald danach zurück ins Appenzellerland. 8000 Kilometer von ihrer Familie entfernt trifft sie auf Menschen, die niemals reisen, im Einklang mit der Natur leben und sich über Brauchtümer miteinander verbinden. Da sie kein Wort Deutsch spricht, nimmt sie während zwölf Jahren durch die Kamera fasziniert an der fremden Kultur teil.
Poly(A)-binding proteins act as a thermosensory switch to control flowering via cytoplasmic retention of RNA-binding protein 45C
Abstract INTRODUCTION RESULTS DISCUSSION MATERIALS AND METHODS Acknowledgments Supplementary Materials REFERENCES Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) are canonically recognized for their roles in mRNA-dependent processes through binding to the poly(A) tail of mRNA.
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals distinct microglial state remodeling associated with the (R)-nicotine/diosmetin combination and galantamine in LPS-challenged BV2 cells
Abstract Background: Microglial neuroinflammation contributes to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, yet it remains challenging to attenuate inflammatory responses while preserving cellular function. The effects of (R)-nicotine, diosmetin, their combined administration, and galantamine on heterogeneous BV2 transcriptional states have not been compared at single-cell resolution.
N 1 -methyladenosine mRNA methylation in Arabidopsis
Abstract N1-methyladenosine (m1A) is a recently identified mRNA methylation mark that affects gene expression and translation. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, its landscape and function remain uncharacterized. Here we present base-resolution m1A methylomes across diverse Arabidopsis tissues and show that m1A is enriched in the 5′ untranslated region and preferentially localizes to highly expressed genes, negatively correlating with mRNA translation.
Computer Science > Machine Learning
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The Dual Role of TLR2 in Breast Cancer: Implications for Therapeutic Targeting
ABSTRACT Background: Breast cancer (BC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality because of its molecular heterogeneity, recurrence, and resistance to systemic therapies. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) has emerged as a key regulator of both tumor cell signaling and the tumor microenvironment, making it a promising therapeutic target.
Exploration of the efficacy and multivariate analysis of 5G remote rehabilitation intervention based on peer education model for patients after coronary intervention
Abstract This study aims to investigate the effects of a peer education-based model utilizing 5G remote rehabilitation guidance with wearable smart devices on patients with coronary heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), along with the influence of various cross-factors. A total of 174 patients who underwent PCI between July 2024 and July 2025 were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 87) and a 5G group (n = 87), both receiving 12 months of follow-up.
Availability of Telehealth Services for Children at Mental Health Treatment Facilities
Supplement 1. eAppendix. Secret Shopper Script Supplement 2. Figure 1. Map of County-Level Variation in Provision of Telehealth Services for Children With Mental Health Needs (opens in new tab) Facilities were asked, “Do you provide telehealth services for kids with mental health needs?” The numerator is number of facilities saying yes, and the denominator is total number of responding facilities that offered treatment to children. Gray areas do not contain facilities that took the survey. Figure 2.
Does the China-Europe Railway Express attract cross-regional investment? Evidence from Chinese firms
ABSTRACT This paper examines whether the opening of the China-Europe Railway Express (CRE) affects firms’ cross-regional investment. Using subsidiary-level data of Chinese listed firms from 2003 to 2020, we construct a firm-destination city-year panel and find that CRE openings significantly increase firms’ subsidiary establishment in connected cities.
Bioresponsive microneedle stent provides anastomosis and postoperative adjuvant therapy in preclinical resectable intestinal diseases
Editor’s summary Abstract Supplementary Materials REFERENCES AND NOTES Information & Authors Metrics & Citations Check Access References Figures Tables Media Share Editor’s summary Resection of diseased bowel requires rejoining of the remaining intestinal segments and postoperative therapy to support a regenerative environment. Here, Zhou et al.
Collaborative Supervision Mechanisms for Hallucination Issues in Generative Artificial Intelligence: An Evolutionary Game Perspective
Abstract The hallucination issues in generative artificial intelligence (GAI), stemming from training data bias and algorithmic misjudgment, constitute a significant source for information security problems. The resultant novel security threats, particularly the dissemination of false and biased information, pose a bottleneck constraining the development of GAI.
The Texas Abortion Ban and Maternal Mental Health
Supplement 1. eTable 1. F-test of Joint Significance to Test the Parallel Trends Assumption eTable 2. Difference-in-Differences Estimates of Proportion of Mothers Reporting Fair or Poor Mental Health After the Texas Abortion Ban Stratified by Parent Age Group, Parent Education Level, and Child Insurance Status (%) eTable 3.
Evolution of Strategies Toward the Total Synthesis of Aleutianamine Click to copy article link Article link copied!
Experimental Section Click to copy section linkSection link copied! General Information Unless otherwise stated, reactions were performed in flame-dried glassware under an argon or nitrogen atmosphere using dry, deoxygenated solvents. Solvents were dried by passage through an activated alumina column under argon.
Electronickel-Catalyzed 1,5-Hydroarylation of Alkynyl Epoxides Click to copy article link Article link copied!
Abstract Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Electrochemical transformations of epoxides have emerged as a useful platform for alcohol synthesis, and their reactivity and selectivity are strongly dictated by the substitutions of the epoxides. Incorporation of an alkynyl substituent into the epoxide framework offers a promising yet unexplored avenue toward highly functionalized different alcohol derivatives posing formidable challenges in selectivity control.
Changes in Specialty and Geography of Medicare’s New Residency Positions
Despite physician shortages, the number of residency positions remains constrained by Medicare-funded graduate medical education (GME) caps.1 Only 2% of Medicare-funded residency positions are located in rural areas.2 Policymakers have been concerned about access to primary care physicians and psychiatrists in rural areas.
Covalent Organic Framework Mediated Solvation Regulation Reinforces Anion-Derived Interface in Quasi-Solid-State Electrolytes for High-Performance Silicon-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Supporting Information Filename Description cssc70767-sup-0001-SuppData-S1.pdf491.1 KB Supplementary Material References 1, , , , , and , “Composite Anode Containing Nano-SiO1.1 and Li2.6Co0.4N with Solid PEO Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries,” Journal of Power Sources 146 (2005): 376–379.
A machine learning perspective on three decades of methanol synthesis: research framework and experimental operation insights
Abstract Heterogeneous catalysis optimization relies on the coordinated selection of catalyst composition, synthesis procedure, and reaction conditions, yet the empirical links between these variables and catalytic performance remain scattered across individual studies. Here, we show that an interpretable machine learning (ML) framework can decode this complexity by integrating disparate literature data.
AI Chatbot Use and Disclosure for Mental Health Among US Adolescents and Young Adults
AI Chatbot Use and Disclosure for Mental Health Among US Adolescents and Young Adults Supplement 1. eMethods 1. Survey Methodology eMethods 2. List of Questions Supplement 2. Figure 1. Reported Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Chatbots for Mental Health Advice Among Young People in the US (opens in new tab) Each bar represents the survey-weighted percentage of individuals within the subgroup who report that they have used an AI chatbot for mental health advice.
Maltol induces diabetic fragility fractures by disrupting the balance of bone remodeling
Keywords diabetes mellitus fragility fractures bone remodeling maltol Get full text access Log in, subscribe or purchase for full access. References 1. Zimmet, P.Z. Diabetes and its drivers: the largest epidemic in human history? Clin. Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017; 3, 1 2. Sheu, A. ∙ Greenfield, J.R. ∙ White, C.P. ... Assessment and treatment of osteoporosis and fractures in type 2 diabetes Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 2022; 33:333-344 3. Leungsuwan, D.S. ∙ Chandran, M.
Bi-Co Based Bimetallic Catalysts for Synergistic Construction of Advanced Lithium-Sulfur Batteries With High-Safety and Wide Temperature Range Stability
1 Introduction Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems, owing to their high theoretical energy density (2600 W h kg−1), environmental friendliness, and the natural abundance of sulfur [1, 2]. Nevertheless, their practical applications are severely hampered by two intertwined challenges. The primary electrochemical challenge is the notorious shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) [3, 4].
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