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Articles by Kun Sun
Beyond Knowledge and Attitude: Structural Drivers Dominate Canine Rabies Vaccination Decisions in Rural China: A Multilevel Modeling Study
Summary • Health education alone is insufficient to change rabies prevention behaviors; addressing structural barriers such as uncontrolled dog roaming is essential. • Integrating multilevel data reveals that dog sources and dog management methods are stronger predictors of vaccination than knowledge and attitude.
Multiplexed live imaging deciphers nuclear force-driven chromatin dynamics and embryo development
Abstract Mechanical forces transmitted to the nucleus regulate chromatin organization and gene expression to guide cell fate transitions. However, how the forces dynamically reshape the genome in living systems remains unclear.
Computer Science > Computation and Language
Despite strong performance on standard benchmarks, it remains unclear whether large language models (LLMs) evaluate social pragmatics in ways that align with human judgments. We evaluate LLM politeness judgments using two English-language datasets with complementary annotation formats: continuous human ratings and three-way categorical labels.
Epigenomic modifications define chromatin states to regulate cell-free DNA fragmentomics
Abstract Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentomics offer promising cancer biomarkers, but their molecular regulation remains elusive. Here, we investigate the role of epigenomic modifications in cfDNA fragmentation. We identify strong correlations between cfDNA fragmentomic features and various epigenetic marks measured in cfDNA. We further segment the genome into different chromatin states using histone modification signals, revealing consistent associations with cfDNA fragmentomics.
Computer Science > Computation and Language
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Boosting pathology foundation models via few-shot prompt-tuning for rare cancer subtyping
Abstract Rare cancers comprise 20–25% of malignancies (over 70% in pediatric oncology) but face major diagnostic challenges due to limited expert availability. While pathology vision-language models show promising zero-shot capabilities for common cancers, their performance on rare cancers remains limited. Existing multi-instance learning (MIL) methods rely solely on visual features, overlooking cross-modal knowledge and compromising interpretability critical for rare cancer diagnosis.
A multi-source dissolved carbon dataset for China’s inland waters over the past three decades: concentration, storage, and flux
Abstract A precise evaluation of carbon (C) concentration, storage, and flux dynamics in China’s inland waters is essential for assessing the global C sink capacity of aquatic ecosystems and for understanding regional biogeochemical cycles. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive, spatially explicit, and long-term dataset that quantifies applicable parameters.
Knowledge-enhanced pretraining for vision-language pathology foundation model on cancer diagnosis
Keywords pathology foundation model cancer diagnosis vision-language knowledge enhancement Introduction Pathology diagnosis remains the gold standard in clinical applications for cancer diagnosis.
An agentic system for rare disease diagnosis with traceable reasoning - Nature
Abstract Rare diseases affect more than 300 million people worldwide1,2,3, yet timely and accurate diagnosis remains an urgent challenge1,3,4,5. Patients often endure a prolonged ‘diagnostic odyssey’ exceeding 5 years, marked by repeated referrals, misdiagnoses and unnecessary interventions, leading to delayed treatment and substantial emotional and economic burden4,5.
Reorientation‐Driven Degradation in Oriented Perovskite Films: Shifting Facet Engineering to Thermodynamic Stability
1 Introduction Hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered as the most promising next-generation light-harvesting technology due to their remarkable advantages over silicon photovoltaics, such as longer charge carrier lifetimes (>1 µs), higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), lower fabrication costs, and tunable direct bandgaps (1.2–2.3 eV) [1-3].
Insights into the operational stability of wide-bandgap perovskite and tandem solar cells under rapid thermal cycling - Nature Communications
Abstract Temperature variations can induce phase transformations and strain in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), undermining their structural stability and device performance. Despite growing interest, the operational stability of triple-cation wide-bandgap (WBG) PSCs and tandem solar cells (TSCs) under rapid solar-thermal cycling remains poorly understood.
Environmental exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and childhood congenital heart disease: a mixed analysis
1 Introduction Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) stand out among synthetic chemicals for their unique properties, including resistance to water and grease (1, 2). These characteristics have made them essential in a wide range of industrial and consumer products (1, 3). However, the pervasive use of PFAS has led to their widespread presence in the environment, sparking concerns over their persistence, tendency for bioaccumulation, and the potential for adverse health effects (4–7).
Scaling Law in LLM Simulated Personality: More Detailed and Realistic Persona Profile Is All You Need
arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs.
Homogeneous FACsPbI3 Films via Sequential Deposition for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
1 Introduction Benefiting from the advantages of tunable bandgap, high absorption coefficient, low recombination rate, long charge carrier lifetime, and high mobility of charge carriers, perovskite materials have been widely used for photovoltaic applications.[1-4] The certificated power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has achieved a dramatic increase in the last decade, reaching 26.7% recently, which can be mainly attributed to the optimization of solvents, the...
Molecular profiles of the great obstetrical syndromes reveal common features and dynamic changes in early pregnancy - Communications Medicine
Abstract The great obstetrical syndromes (GOS) encompass a spectrum of pregnancy-related complications that are the major determinants of maternal and neonatal mortality. Although shared placental pathology underlies these complications, knowledge of the molecular commonalities before clinical presentation remains incomplete.
Computational Sentence‐Level Metrics of Reading Speed and Its Ramifications for Sentence Comprehension
1 Introduction In the study of how humans comprehend and process language, computational models and metrics are essential for uncovering links between linguistic features and behavioral or neural responses. These tools enable linguistic prediction, modeling of language features, and specification of processing steps that can be quantitatively compared with behavioral and neural data.
Signaling pathways and targeted therapy for pulmonary hypertension - Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
Abstract Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a global health issue characterized by high mortality. The main targets for current therapies in PH focus on the prostacyclin, nitric oxide, and endothelin pathways. While the approaches targeting these pathways form the foundation of standard PH treatment, the challenge remains to develop more effective therapeutic strategies.
Comprehensive evaluation of plasma tau biomarkers for detecting and monitoring Alzheimer’s disease in a multicenter and multiethnic aging population - Nature Aging
Abstract Over 20% of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) worlwide are Chinese, although the efficacy of existing blood-based measures of AD biomarkers is largely unknown in Asian cohorts.
Association of breastfeeding duration with cardiac structure and function in 4 years old - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Abstract Breast milk is an important source of nutrition for infant development. But few studies have investigated the relationship between breastfeeding duration and children’s cardiac structure and function. To assess the association of the duration of breastfeeding in infancy with cardiac structures and functions in 4-year-old children. The study analyzed data from 891 mother-offspring pairs in the Shanghai Birth Cohort (SBC) with complete 4-year follow-up and breastfeeding questionnaires.
Modeling interior component stocks of UK housing using exterior features and machine learning techniques
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declare no conflict of interest. Supporting Information Filename Description jiec70048-sup-0001-data.zip981.9 KB SI-Data_Distributions.doc This supporting information provides additional statistical and spatial visualisations of the constructed UKResi dataset. SI-fig_4.xlsx This supporting information provides the values to generate Figure 4.
ChainMarks: Securing DNN Watermark with Cryptographic Chain
arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs.
Restoring flowcell type and basecaller configuration from FASTQ files of nanopore sequencing data - Nature Communications
Abstract As nanopore sequencing has been widely adopted, data accumulation has surged, resulting in over 700,000 public datasets. While these data hold immense potential for advancing genomic research, their utility is compromised by the absence of flowcell type and basecaller configuration in about 85% of the data and associated publications. These parameters are essential for many analysis algorithms, and their misapplication can lead to significant drops in performance.
Cancer-like fragmentomic characteristics of somatic variants in cell-free DNA
Abstract Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma consists of short DNA fragments resulting from a non-random fragmentation process, with distinct "fragmentomic" characteristics that are related with their cellular origins. Despite the wealth of low-pass whole genome sequencing data from recent cancer liquid biopsy studies, somatic variants within this data have often been overlooked without detailed characterization.
Higher plasma soluble TREM2 correlates with reduced cerebral tau accumulation in Alzheimer’s disease - Molecular Psychiatry
Abstract Loss-of-function mutation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 2 (TREM2) is associated with increased risks for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent animal studies reveal that the activation of peripheral TREM2 signaling may affect cerebral β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau aggregates. However, the underlying relationship between peripheral TREM2 and brain AD pathology has not yet been well-elucidated in the aging population.
Exploiting Cross-Layer Vulnerabilities: Off-Path Attacks on the TCP/IP Protocol Suite
The TCP/IP protocol suite is a set of communication protocols that underpin the Internet. Protocols at different layers of the suite—for example, Wi-Fi, IP, TCP, and HTTP (Figure 1)—form the essential framework for data transmission on the Internet.
Proximal Policy Optimization-Based Hierarchical Decision-Making Mechanism for Resource Allocation Optimization in UAV Networks
1. Introduction Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as a promising solution for a wide range of applications, including disaster recovery, surveillance, and communication services in rural and underserved areas [1]. Due to challenging terrain and other factors, the coverage capabilities of existing terrestrial base stations (BSs) remain insufficient to meet the increasing communication demands.
Unveiling the Li/Electrolyte Interface Behavior for Dendrite‐Free All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries by Operando Nano‐Focus WAXS
1 Introduction The pursuit of interfacial stable lithium metal batteries (LMBs) has been a longstanding challenge in the field, particularly since metallic lithium replaces graphite as an anode material.
Beta‐Lactoglobulin for Water‐Based and Tunable Nanostructure Templating of Printed Titania Thin Films: The Influence of pH Value and Protein Concentration
1 Introduction Titania is a widely available, low-cost, and environmentally friendly material that has been studied for several important applications. Prominent examples are solar cell applications[1-7] with different architectures, ranging from dye-sensitized to perovskite designs.
Sex-Specific Differences in the Clonality of Hippophae tibetana at Different Altitudes in Alpine Meadows of the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Genetic recording of transient endothelial activation in distinct alveolar capillary cells during pulmonary fibrosis - Cell Discovery
Dear Editor, Endothelial cells (ECs) and mesenchymal cells are both derived developmentally from the mesoderm but display different gene expressions and functions. During heart development, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is functionally indispensable for forming cardiac valves1,2. In addition, EndoMT has also been reported in cardiac fibrosis induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC), during which new fibroblasts are generated from adult ECs3.
Ultrasound Control of Genomic Regulatory Toolboxes for Cancer Immunotherapy - Nature Communications
Abstract There remains a critical need for the precise control of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-based technologies. Here, we engineer a set of inducible CRISPR-based tools controllable by focused ultrasound (FUS), which can penetrate deep and induce localized hyperthermia for transgene activation. We demonstrate the capabilities of FUS-inducible CRISPR, CRISPR activation (CRISPRa), and CRISPR epigenetic editor (CRISPRee) in modulating the genome and epigenome.
Mechanical Characteristics of Grillage Root Foundation for High-Voltage Tower Under Horizontal Conditions
1. Introduction As is widely acknowledged, the underpinning infrastructure of transmission lines assumes a pivotal role in ensuring the resilience of transmission networks [1,2]. When conveying power resources across extensive distances through transmission lines, the inherent limitations of low transmission lines, characterized by substantial power and voltage losses, render them unsuitable for protracted and expansive transmission endeavors.
Climate Change Drove the Decline in Yangtze Estuary Net Primary Production Over the Past Two Decades
Deciphering Structure and Charge Carrier Behavior in Reduced‐Dimensional Perovskites
1 Introduction Reduced-dimensional (2D and quasi-2D) perovskites (RDPs) with intriguing physical and structural properties,[1, 2] have emerged as promising candidates in photovoltaics,[3-6] light-emitting devices,[7] and next-generation optoelectronics devices.[8] RDPs are perovskite quantum wells (QWs) separated by bulky organic cations, in which the width (n) of the RDPs is determined by the thickness of the [PbI6]4− octahedra.
Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Growth and WSSV Resistance Traits in Litopenaeus vannamei
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
A Satellite View of the Wetland Transformation Path and Associated Drivers in the Greater Bay Area of China during the Past Four Decades
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Hole Localization in Bulk and 2D Lead-Halide Perovskites Studied by Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy
Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:J. Am. Chem. Soc.
Effects of graphene content in alkaline silicate electrolyte on AA1060 pure aluminum micro‐arc oxidation coating
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declare no conflicts of interest. REFERENCES 1, , , , . On the potential of aluminum crossover alloys. Prog Mater Sci. 2022; 124:100873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2021.100873 2, , . Aluminium alloys as structural material: a review of research. Eng Struct. 2021; 227:111372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111372 3. Modification of the structure and properties of oxide layers on aluminum alloys: a review. Rev Adv Mater Sci. 2023; 62: 108.
Coupling effect of partial composite texture and thermal effect on the performance of hydrostatic bearing
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. REFERENCES 1, , , , . Air film pressure field characteristics of aerostatic thrust bearing with orifice blockage. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2023; 124(11): 4317-4328. 2, , . The dynamic performance analysis of chevron shape textured hydrodynamic bearings. Ind Lubr Tribol. 2020; 72(1): 1-8. 3, , , , , . Experimental study of Tribological properties of surface texture on rock bit sliding bearings.
Diffusion‐Weighted MRI‐Based Virtual Elastography and Shear‐Wave Elastography for the Assessment of Breast Lesions
Background Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-based virtual MR elastography (DWI-vMRE) in the assessment of breast lesions is still in the research stage. Purpose To investigate the usefulness of elasticity values on DWI-vMRE in the evaluation of breast lesions, and the correlation with the values calculated from shear-wave elastography (SWE).
Operando Study Insights into Lithiation/Delithiation Processes in a Poly(ethylene oxide) Electrolyte of All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries by Grazing-Incidence X-ray Scattering
Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2024, XXXX, XXX RETURN TO ARTICLES ASAPPREVEnergy, Environmenta...Energy, Environmental, and Catalysis ApplicationsNEXT Yuxin Liang TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, Garching 85748, Germany , Tianle Zheng TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str.
Model of Storm Surge Maximum Water Level Increase in a Coastal Area Using Ensemble Machine Learning and Explicable Algorithm
1 Introduction Storm surge can be defined as an abnormal elevation and recession of seawater primarily triggered by intense winds and sudden atmospheric pressure shifts associated with meteorological disturbances. These disturbances include, but are not limited to, tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones, explosive cyclones, and various other weather systems. These events can lead to tidal levels greatly exceeding the norm.
In Situ Surface Reconstruction Towards Planar Heterojunction for Efficient and Stable FAPbI3 Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Corresponding Author Peter Müller-Buschbaum Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr.
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