Ke Xu
Boston
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Articles by Ke Xu
Knowledge distillation-based lightweight generative large language models for standardized quality control of Chinese radiology reports
Abstract Radiology reports, which document radiologists’ imaging observations and diagnostic conclusions from CT, X-ray and MRI scans, deliver core imaging evidence for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic planning. Inaccurate or disordered reports may lead to misdiagnosis and delayed intervention, posing risks to patient safety.
Quantum-sensing-based super-resolution live cell microenvironment imaging
Abstract Direct monitoring the multifaceted intracellular microenvironment is fundamental for deciphering localized cellular behavior and function. However, performing nanoscale spatiotemporal sensing of the dynamic physiochemical environment within a live cell has remained challenging, mainly limited by the lack of robust, biocompatible method which satisfies the requirements for spatiotemporal resolution, sensitivity, multi-physical sensing capability and long-term viability.
Modal Analysis of Light Propagation, Polarization and Diffraction by Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Layers
1 Introduction Cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) is a particular class of nematic liquid crystal that contains chiral molecules and therefore lacks mirror symmetry. When this material is inserted between two planar substrates with appropriate rubbing at the surfaces, it spontaneously forms a periodic helical arrangement. Locally, the material is uniaxial, but the preferential axis or director rotates perpendicular to the helical axis.
Electrically driven topological magnetic knots in BiFeO 3 films
Abstract The fundamental nature of dynamic magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroics remains poorly understood. Despite these compelling static observations, its stability is governed by the convergence of the propagation direction (k) and the topology of the polarization structure, originating from the intertwining of π-disclinations.
The miR1118– TaCaM5-3A Module Regulates K + Uptake and Enhances K + Deficiency Tolerance in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)
1 Introduction Potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development; its form in soils directly affects crop yield and quality (Li et al. 2023). Since 90%–98% of total soil K+ is contained within primary K+-bearing minerals, K+ availability is typically low in most arable fields, posing challenges to sustainable agricultural development and food security (Singh et al. 2002; Römheld and Kirkby 2010; Srivastava et al. 2020).
Classification of flexible loads in cascade gate-pumping systems and multi-objective collaborative optimization for demand response
Abstract The novel power system urgently exploits demand-side flexible regulation resources. Cascade gate-pumping water diversion projects consume massive electricity and possess great potential for demand response. Most existing studies treat gate-pumping systems as homogeneous single loads without subdividing internal differentiated regulation resources, making it difficult to quantify the regulation capacity and synergistic benefits of various control measures.
AI-based clinician decision support system for diagnosis of inherited retinal diseases: a multicenter, randomized trial
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Abstract The accurate and timely diagnosis of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) represents an unmet clinical need in ophthalmology, as the current pathways rely on resource-intensive phenotyping, multidisciplinary expertise and genetic testing. Here we developed Retina4IRD, an artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinician decision support system (CDSS) that predicts 17 genotype categories from retina images. Retina4IRD uses a Vision Transformer model pretrained with RETFound.
By Huixun Jia, Bo Qian, Yanlin Qu, Jinyuan Wang, Jieqiong Chen, Jinu Han, Guanran Zhang, Yixiao Jin, Seungmin Lee, Xiang Chen, Haichao Chen, Jiayu Xu, Ke Xu, Yu Rong, Yi Jiang, Yiliu Yang, Wenjing Li, Qingge Guo, Jihong Wu, Qingjiong Zhang, Fang Lu, Wenjuan Zhuang, Suk Ho Byeon, Junwon Lee, Adrian Smedowski, Marta Świerczyńska, Daoqiang Zhang, Tyler Hyungtaek Rim, Andrzej Grzybowski, Xiaodong Sun, Changle Zheng
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Nature
Verified
Multifunctional PDGF Nanofiber and MnCe Nanozyme-Incorporated Composite Hydrogel for Enhanced Skeletal Muscle Regeneration
Ke Xu, Jiadong Pan, and Miaozhong Li contributed equally to this work. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Supporting Information Filename Description smll74750-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx735.8 KB Supporting File: smll74750-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx.
Cellular hallmarks and aging clock of the human lung parenchyma
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Abstract Aging affects lung function, predisposing older adults to respiratory diseases; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of lung aging are not fully understood. Leveraging single-cell and spatial transcriptomics data from 184 and 70 lung parenchyma samples, respectively, we present an analytical platform to dissect the cell composition, gene expression modules, and regulatory changes linked to multiple hallmarks of lung aging.
By Ke Xu, Grace Kim, Atharva Bhagwat, Vignesh Venkat, Giang Pham, Giang Phạm, jing jia zhang, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Komal Dolasia, Yijia Chen, Thinh Nguyen, Bruno Giotti, Rachel Brody Verified, So-Jin Kim, Jaymin J. Kathiriya, Daniel J. Puleston, Patty J. Lee, Alexander M. Tsankov, Sepideh E. Meimand, Mohamad D. Bairakdar, Isha R. Sahasrabudhe, Alter Klausner
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Nature
Verified
Dihydroartemisinin inhibits mutant KRAS to potentiate regorafenib plus anti-PD-1 in KRAS -mutant colorectal cancer liver metastases
Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, and liver metastases stands as a leading contributor to its high mortality rate in advanced stages. Regorafenib plus anti-PD-1 is a new therapeutic option for patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM). However, a considerable number of patients have not benefited from it. In this study, KRAS mutation was identified associated with resistance to regorafenib plus anti-PD-1 in CRCLM.
Novel Distance Regression for Repeated Outcomes With Missing Data: Applications to Longitudinal and Crossover Studies of Microbiome Beta-Diversity
1 Introduction Compelling evidence has revealed the critical role of the gut microbiome in human diseases, ranging from diabetes to inflammatory bowel disease and from HIV infection to schizophrenia [1-3]. The human microbiome consists of myriad bacteria, viruses, and fungi that are highly dynamic, with factors such as diet, environmental exposure, and genetics influencing its composition.
Linking device dynamics to neural network performance in ionically gated synaptic transistors
Abstract Neuromorphic computing based on artificial synapses requires devices capable of gradual, repeatable, and energy-efficient conductance modulation. Ionically gated transistors are promising candidates because their ion dynamics naturally produce synaptic behavior under low-voltage operation.
Interpretable spatial multi-omics data integration and dimensionality reduction with SpaMV
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Abstract Spatial multi-omics technologies revolutionized our understanding of biological systems by providing spatially resolved molecular profiles from multiple perspectives. Existing spatial multi-omics integration methods often assume that data from different omics share a common underlying distribution and aim to project them into a single unified latent space.
By Yang Liu Verified, Kexin Ma, Haoran Xu, Ke Xu, Yunfei Hu, Zhenhan Lin, Jiangli Lin, Shuaicheng Li, Zhixiang Lin, Xin Zhou, Lu Zhang
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Nature
Verified
Mapping histologic and functional maturation of human endocrine pancreas across early postnatal periods
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Abstract Human endocrine cell differentiation and islet morphogenesis play critical roles in determining islet cell mass and function, but the events and timeline of these processes are incompletely defined. To better understand early human islet cell development and maturation, we collected 123 pediatric pancreata and mapped morphological and spatiotemporal changes from birth through the first ten years of life.
By Diane Saunders, Fan Feng, Alexander L. Hopkirk, Kristie I. Aamodt, Nathaniel Hart, Fong Cheng Pan, Conrad V. Reihsmann, Nike Izmaylov, Shaojun Mei, Brandon Sherrod, Corey Davis, Yasminye D Pettway, Keval Patel, Rachana Haliyur, Greg Poffenberger, Alexandra Martin, Amanda L. Posgai, Irina Kusmartseva, Maria Beery, Mingder Yang, Ke Xu, Hakmook Kang, Dale L Greiner, Leonard D. Shultz, Jean-Philippe Cartailler, Rita Bottino, Mark Atkinson Verified, Christopher Wright, Alvin C. Powers, Marcela Brissova, Nongyao Nonpanya, Kai S. Lee, Jeff Duryea, Radhika Aramandla, Heather Durai
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Nature
Verified
Ram-pressure stripping caught in action in a young cluster at z = 2.51
Abstract Galaxy clusters in the local Universe are dominated by massive quiescent galaxies with old ages, formed at high redshifts. Whether their quenching is driven by internal processes or environmental effects is a matter of debate that has been challenging to resolve due to the lack of observations during their peak formation epoch.
Plasticity in brittle intermetallics enabled by framework of amorphous interfaces and preexisting dislocations
Abstract INTRODUCTION RESULTS DISCUSSION MATERIALS AND METHODS Acknowledgments Supplementary Materials REFERENCES Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Intermetallics are highly attractive for their exceptional strength and high melting points, offering significant potential as advanced structural materials. However, their inherent brittleness at room temperature severely limits practical applications.
Charting human cellular senescence in aging and disease
Main text Cellular senescence was first recognized in long-term in vitro cultures, where cells eventually ceased dividing yet remained metabolically active.
Limits of arbitrage, idiosyncratic risk, and the role of flippers in the housing market
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RISC-V And GPU Synergy In Practice: A Path Towards High-Performance SoCs
With the rapid growth of edge AI and high-performance computing demands, the division of roles within the processor industry is beginning to shift. Recent moves from the dominant CPU IP supplier has increased industry attention on the openness and ecosystem neutrality of the supply chain. Against this backdrop, the value of RISC-V CPU IP is becoming more evident. It offers chipmakers greater autonomy and flexibility, while also helping to foster a more open and stable ecosystem.
Enhancement of Dielectric Breakdown Strength and Recoverable Energy Density in Three-Dimensional Heterointerfaces on BaTiO 3 –PbZrO 3 –PbTiO 3 Films via Room-Temperature Nano-Clustering
1 Introduction Dielectric materials with high energy density are widely used as capacitors in modern high-power electronic devices, particularly in pulsed power systems, owing to their rapid charge–discharge capability and high-power density [1]. Among various dielectric materials, perovskite-structured ferroelectric ceramics are considered excellent candidates for capacitor applications because of their high permittivity and polarization characteristics [2].
Mechanism of Artemisia annua active component quercetin in treating psoriasis by regulating ferroptosis
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which active components of Artemisia annua modulate ferroptosis in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris through an integrated approach combining network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo validation. Therapeutic targets of Artemisia annua active components and psoriasis vulgaris-related genes were retrieved from the TCMSP and GeneCards databases, respectively. Common targets were identified using Venn analysis.
Computer Science > Computation and Language
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Work time pressure, work–family conflict, sleep quality, and burnout among intensive care nurses: a cross-sectional study using structural equation modeling
Abstract Background: Burnout is highly prevalent among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses and poses a serious threat to workforce stability, nurses’ well-being, and patient safety. Work time pressure has been identified as a key occupational stressor in critical care settings; however, the mechanisms through which work time pressure contributes to burnout among ICU nurses remain insufficiently understood.
An intricate functional relationship between NuA4 and Sfp1 regulates ribosome biogenesis in response to nutrient availability
Keywords ribosome biogenesis Sfp1 NuA4 acetylation ribosomal proteins carbon source chromatin transcription yeast Introduction Cells have evolved intricate regulatory networks to adapt their physiology to environmental changes (1). In budding yeast, the Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1) kinase plays a central role in sensing external cues and transmitting signals to regulate cell growth and metabolism in response to nutrient availability and stress (2).
Tu1462 LDHA IS A PROMISING METABOLIC TARGET IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Also available on ScienceDirect
Case Report: Anti-PL-12 Antisynthetase syndrome complicated by natural killer/T cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Abstract Antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder classified as a subtype of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). The condition is defined by the presence of mutually exclusive autoantibodies directed against an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase along with typical clinical manifestations, including myositis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, arthritis, skin lesions such as mechanic hands, or interstitial lung disease (ILD).
Electronic origin of reorganization energy in interfacial electron transfer
Abstract Electron transfer (ET) reactions underpin energy conversion and chemical transformations in both biological1,2 and abiological3,4,5 systems. The efficiency of any ET process relies on achieving a desired ET rate within an optimal driving force range. Marcus theory6,7 provides a microscopic framework for understanding the activation free energy—and therefore the rate—of ET in terms of a key parameter: the reorganization energy.
RISC-V and GPU Synergy in Practice: A Path Towards High-Performance SoCs from SpacemiT K3
With the rapid growth of edge AI and high-performance computing demands, the division of roles within the processor industry is beginning to shift. Recent moves from the dominant CPU IP supplier has increased industry attention on the openness and ecosystem neutrality of the supply chain. Against this backdrop, the value of RISC-V CPU IP is becoming more evident. It offers chipmakers greater autonomy and flexibility, while also helping to foster a more open and stable ecosystem.
Low dose IL-2 therapy restores regulatory T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in a dose-dependent manner: a phase IIb trial
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Abstract Low-dose interleukin 2 (Ld-IL2) has shown therapeutic effects in autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet optimal dosage has not been established in clinical trials. In this multicentre, double-blind, phase IIb trial, 152 patients with active SLE were randomised (1:1:1:1) to receive subcutaneous IL2 (0.2, 0.5, or 1.0 million IU) or placebo every other day for 12 weeks, then weekly for another 12 weeks.
By Xia Zhang, Ruiling Feng, Yifan Wang Verified, Wenqiang Fan, Xiao Gao, Miaomiao Ma, Dongbin Jiang, Ting Li, Huifang Guo, Lingyan Lei, Ke Xu, Wei Wei, Na Zhang, Wenping Pan, Qingwen Wang, Juan He, Ruijun Zhang, Rong Mu, Yongfu Wang, Hui Wang, Yuan Jia, Xiaolin Sun, Zhanguo Li, Jing He, Guanmin Gao, Yucui Li, Kuanting Wang, Yueming Cai, Tongjun Mao
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Nature
Verified
Porous Carbon Encapsulated Si Composites With ZnO-Induced Pores for Enhanced Lithium Storage Stability
1 Introduction Regarded as a foremost energy storage technology, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are now pervasive in applications ranging from portable electronics to electric mobility, owing to key advantages like exceptional energy density, considerable service longevity, and benign environmental impact [1-3].
Simulation of the Tectonic Stress Field and Multiparameter Quantitative Prediction of Fractures in Ultradeep Carbonate Reservoirs
Get full access to this article View all available purchase options and get full access to this article. Data Availability Statement All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Frontiers | Correction: Radiomics reveals the biological basis for non-small cell lung cancer prognostic stratification by reflecting tumor immune microenvironment heterogeneity
CORRECTION article Front. Immunol., 09 April 2026 Sec.
Proteomic and experimental analyses reveal molecular signatures of flexural atopic dermatitis in antecubital and popliteal fossae and the therapeutic effect of Aida lotion
Abstract Introduction: The mechanisms underlying the predilection of atopic dermatitis for the antecubital and popliteal fossae remain unexplored. This preliminary exploratory study aimed to characterize the proteomic features of typical flexural atopic dermatitis lesions using proteomics integrated with animal model validation and to clarify the therapeutic mechanisms of Aida lotion. Methods: We recruited five patients with atopic dermatitis.
Drawing and Material Visibility in Video Learning: Examining Drawing Quality as a Mediator
Y., Q.Zhang, K.Xu, J.Yang, and Z.Pi. 2026. “Drawing and Material Visibility in Video Learning: Examining Drawing Quality as a Mediator.” Applied Cognitive Psychology40, no. 2: e70192. Zhang, https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70192. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. References , , and . 2017.
The synergy of pedagogical agents and metaphorical design: Reducing psychological distance to enhance video learning
INTRODUCTION Instruction in video-based learning is delivered by pedagogical agents (PAs), either as live real-human teachers or their digital surrogates, virtual pedagogical agents (VPAs) (Schroeder & Craig, 2021; Veletsianos et al., 2009).
The role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in immune-mediated skin diseases
Abstract MMP-9, dependent on zinc, is a key endopeptidase involved in tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and immune-related pathological processes through its role in extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling. Compared with other immune-associated skin diseases, compelling evidence indicates aberrant MMP-9 expression in psoriasis, vitiligo, bullous pemphigoid, and melanoma.
Broadband visible-light anti-reflection enabled by a bilayer dielectric metamaterial with deep-learning-driven inverse design
Achieving ultra-low reflection across the visible spectrum and under wide incident angles is of considerable importance for broadband antireflection coatings and optical interface engineering. Here, we introduce a bilayer subwavelength dielectric metamaterial together with a rapid and generalizable inverse-design framework based on a tandem residual deep neural network architecture.
DYNAMIC: A Novel Software Implementation of a Kinetic Model of TaqMan PCR Click to copy article link Article link copied!
Introduction Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) enables the simultaneous detection and quantification of multiple DNA or RNA targets in a single reaction and has broad applications in medical diagnostics, environmental surveillance, and molecular biology research. Several strategies have been developed to enhance the multiplexing capabilities of PCR-based assays.
Alkaloids from Evodia rutaecarpa inhibit the occurrence and development of gallbladder cancer in vivo and in vitro
Abstract Objective Gallbladder cancer (GBC) poses a significant health burden with dismal prognosis due to frequent metastasis and recurrence. Although evodiamine has demonstrated potent inhibitory effects on proliferation and metastasis in various cancers, its role in GBC remains unexplored, and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. Methods: The inhibitory effects of evodiamine on GBC cells were evaluated in vitro using a cell viability assay.
Bistable origami thermal switch with high switching ratios - Nature Communications
Abstract Effective thermal management is critical for power electronics in AI and robotics, highlighting the need for dynamic, reversible thermal switches. Achieving a high switching ratio remains challenging. Here, we present a bistable origami-inspired thermal switch that switch rapidly between distinct thermal conduction states without external energy or sensory input.
Direct Write, Read, and Erase of a Vertical Heterostructure of Graphene-Monolayer Electrolyte-h‐BN Using Electric Force Microscopy
1 Introduction 2D crystals consist of atomic or molecular layers that are held together by van der Waals forces. Due to quantum confinement [1], these materials exhibit electrical [2, 3], magnetic [4, 5], mechanical [6, 7], and optical [8, 9] properties that are different from the bulk. Some of these novel properties have been accessed using polymer electrolytes or ionic liquids to gate 2D crystal FETs with large electric fields ( ∼ V $\sim{\rm V}$ /nm) [3, 5, 7, 9-11].
Distribution of and factors associated with intraocular pressure in school-age Chinese children: findings from a large-scale longitudinal study - Eye
Abstract To report distribution, change trend of intraocular pressure (IOP) and its association with related influencing factors in school-age Chinese children. This retrospective study performed non-contact tonometry, manifest refraction, and ocular biometry in 12,914 participants (25,823 eyes). Univariable and multivariable models assessed the association between the baseline IOP and other baseline parameters, particularly refractive error and axial length (AL).
Spatial light modulator via optically addressed metasurface - Nature Nanotechnology Original
Abstract Emerging demands for dynamic wavefront modulation in holographic displays, augmented/virtual reality, and light detection and ranging require spatial light modulators (SLMs) with high pixel density and fast refresh rates. However, key parameters of existing liquid-crystal and metasurface-based SLMs, such as spatiotemporal product density, field of view and refresh rate, remain far below application requirements.
Compact on-chip spectrometer with high spectral channel density using cascaded filters
Chip-scale spectrometers play important roles in spectroscopy applications. Existing on-chip components face fundamental challenges for achieving compact footprints and large number of spectral channels. We propose and demonstrate an ultra-compact computational spectrometer on a silicon-on-insulator platform. The device cascades eight micro-ring resonators and a waveguide Bragg grating for spectral filtering. The device occupies compact chip area with a single heater for thermo-tuning.
Lymph Node Metastasis, Dissection Efficacy, and Prognostic Differences Between Direct and Incidental Gallbladder Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study
Key words Gallbladder carcinoma Lymph node metastasis Lymph node dissection Incidental Gallbladder Cancer Direct Gallbladder Cancer Abbreviations AFP (Alpha fetoprotein) AJCC (American joint committee on cancer) CA19-9 (Carbohydrate antigen 19-9) CEA (Carcinoembryonic antigen) DGBC (Direct gallbladder carcinoma) GBC (Gallbladder carcinoma) IGBC (Incidental gallbladder carcinoma) KM (Kaplan-Meier) LN (lymph node) LNM (lymph node metastasis) LNB (lymph node biopsy) LND (lymph node dissection)...
Machine‐Learning‐Guided Design of Incommensurate Antiferroelectrics via Field‐Driven Phase Engineering
1 Introduction The development of next-generation dielectric materials with high energy storage density (Wrec) and efficiency (η) is an urgent demand in fields such as mobile electronic devices, new energy vehicles, and pulsed power systems [1-3]. Ferroelectric (FE) ceramics typically exhibit high remanent polarization (Pr), which restricts the improvement of Wrec.
The prediction model of the prolonged length of stay in chronic acalculous cholecystitis patients after cholecystectomy and nursing recommendations
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Flexible kirigami microelectrode arrays for neuronal activity recordings in non-human primate brains - Nature Electronics
Abstract The development of brain–computer interfaces requires implantable microelectrode arrays that can interface with numerous neurons across large spatial and temporal scales. However, creating arrays that can effectively accommodate the substantial movements and deformations of primate brains remains challenging.
Structural basis of pausing during transcription initiation in mycobacterium tuberculosis - Nature Communications
Abstract In bacteria, RNA polymerase (RNAP) often pauses during the early stages of transcription initiation. The structural basis for these transient pauses remains unclear. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the paused initiation complex (PIC) and initiation complex (IC) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which include the RNAP core enzyme, the ECF σ factor σE, transcription factor CarD, promoter DNA, and nascent RNA.
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