Ross Levine
New York
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Articles by Ross Levine
Germline homologous recombination deficiency influences TP53 -mutant clonal hematopoiesis fitness during platinum and PARP inhibitor treatment
Abstract Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are commonly used in tumors with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) but are associated with an increased risk of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (tMN). Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) driven by DNA damage response (DDR) mutations is the origin of most tMN. Here, to better understand the causes of tMN following PARPi therapy, we studied the relationship between PARPi use and CH.
CXCL1-CXCR2 signaling mediates cancer cell growth and response to radiation therapy in leptomeningeal metastasis
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Abstract Supplementary Materials REFERENCES AND NOTES Information & Authors Metrics & Citations Check Access References Figures Tables Media Share This article has 0 eLetter . Abstract Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a fatal neurological complication of cancer. Proton craniospinal irradiation (pCSI) has emerged as a promising life-prolonging intervention for patients with LM, but response to this treatment varies. Here, we aimed to characterize the molecular basis of pCSI resistance and response.
By Mitra P. Maz, Yuli Chen, Shajila Siricilla, Ahmed Osman, Ján Remšík, Jenna Snyder, Seogho Son, Ana Rita Nobre, Morgan E. Freret, Kiana Chabot, Xinran Tong, Helen Y. Wang, Min Li, Marisa Rose, Andrew Dunbar, Ross Levine, Jonathan T. Yang, Adrienne Boire, Francis Y. He, Sophia Toomey, Rachel Estrera, Neil Ari Wijetunga, Branavan Manoranjan, David Guber, Sofia Piedrafita-Ortiz
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Science Magazine
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Letter #8: Who’s the Judge Now?
By Ross Levine My Dear Friends, You sat down to do one thing. An hour later, you rose, having done another. You did not decide to lose the hour; it was taken from you. But the lost hour is the least of it. While you scrolled, something reached past what you meant to do and turned your own passions against you: your anger, your fear, your hunger to belong. And it did so on purpose. This is an imagined letter from Adam Smith to the Americans of 2026.
Las hipotecas más baratas no resolverán la crisis de vivienda en EE.UU.
Durante 50 años, los responsables de las políticas estadounidenses han confundido la política hipotecaria con la política de vivienda. En lugar de hacer que las viviendas sean más asequibles, sus esfuerzos por abaratar las hipotecas han dado lugar, esencialmente, a un aumento del endeudamiento. Esa paradoja ha estado en el centro del mayor debate sobre la vivienda en el Capitolio en décadas.
Cheaper Mortgages Won’t Solve the US Housing Crisis
For decades, federal housing policy has favored cheaper financing over expanding the housing supply, despite evidence that expanding mortgage credit increases borrowing and house prices. The bipartisan 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act marks an important shift by emphasizing measures that make it easier to build more homes. STANFORD—For half a century, US policymakers have mistaken mortgage policy for housing policy.
Stromal cell senescence augments haematopoietic cell fitness in clonal haematopoiesis
Abstract Microenvironment remodelling impacts tumour growth and metastasis, but whether remodelling promotes pre-malignant clonal fitness remains unknown. Here, using single-cell RNA-sequencing of the bone-marrow microenvironment in a mouse model of DNMT3A-mutant clonal haematopoiesis (CH), we identify mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in a molecular state of cellular senescence. Elevated bone-marrow MSC senescence is also observed in humans with CH driven by several common somatic mutations.
Cheaper Mortgages Won’t Solve the US Housing Crisis
For decades, federal housing policy has favored cheaper financing over expanding the housing supply, despite evidence that expanding mortgage credit increases borrowing and house prices. The bipartisan 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act marks an important shift by emphasizing measures that make it easier to build more homes. STANFORD—For half a century, US policymakers have mistaken mortgage policy for housing policy.
Cheaper Mortgages Won’t Solve the US Housing Crisis
STANFORD-For half a century, US policymakers have mistaken mortgage policy for housing policy. Rather than making homes more affordable, their efforts to make mortgages cheaper have mostly produced more borrowing.
Can America Still Deliver The American Dream?
- Freedom is not an accident of history. It is the result of ideas tested over time, shaped by debate and sustained by institutions and citizens willing to defend them. The United States was founded on an audacious premise that a free people could govern themselves, that liberty could endure, not through force, but through law, not through unanimity, but through argument.
Detection of MEN1 resistance mutations in cell-free DNA from acute leukemia patients treated with menin inhibitors
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Dear Editor, Menin inhibitors have emerged as a targeted therapeutic strategy for patients with acute leukemias driven by KMT2A gene rearrangements (KMT2Ar) and NPM1 mutations, where aberrant menin-KMT2A interactions sustain HOX-MEIS1-dependent transcriptional programs that are critical for leukemogenesis [1,2,3,4]. Positive early-phase studies led to regulatory approval of both revumenib and ziftomenib for these leukemia subtypes [5, 6].
By Neerav Shukla, Karmelina Charalambous, Shanita Li, Kaitlyn H. Ko, Ruchi Patel, Mark D. Ewalt, Maria Luisa Sulis, William Carroll Verified, Maria E. Arcila, Neeman Mohibullah, Michael Berger, Ross Levine, Eytan M. Stein, Ronak Shah, Sheng Cai, Hilary Casanova, Eric Buehler, Cassidy Cobbs, Angela Rose Brannon
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Nature
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Reinventing biotech systems for patient impact
China’s integration of national reforms with institutional redesign has accelerated drug development and access to medicines. As momentum shifts globally, what can other nations learn from this experience?
Author Correction: The AIM2 inflammasome exacerbates atherosclerosis in clonal haematopoiesis
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Correction to: Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03341-5 Published online 17 March 2021 In the version of this article initially published, due to mistakes during file revision and figure assembly, there was a duplication error in Extended Data Fig. 10l, where the top-right 20% Control IL-1β image was a repeat of the lower-left 20% Jak2VF IgG image. In the initial submission, where current Extended Data Fig. 10l was originally presented as Fig.
By Trevor P. Fidler, Chenyi Xue, Mustafa Yalcinkaya, Brian D. Hardaway, Tong Xiao, Wenli Liu, David Thomas, Joachim Pircher, Carlos Silvestre-Roig, Andriana G. Kotini, Larry L. Luchsinger, Ying Wei, Marit Westerterp, Hans-Willem Snoeck, Eirini P. Papapetrou, Christian Schulz, Steffen Massberg, Oliver Soehnlein, Benjamin Ebert, Ross Levine, Muredach P. Reilly, Peter Libby, Nan Wang, Alan R. Tall, Sandra Abramowicz, Mohammad Ali Hajebrahimi
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Nature
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What Can Adam Smith Teach Us Today?
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Elevated levels of TNF and its targets characterize better-risk older acute myeloid leukemia patients
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To the Editor: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous cancer. The incidence rate of AML increases while the survival rates decrease with age (median age of diagnosis 69 years) [1]. Intensive combination chemotherapy remains an upfront treatment option [2]; however, some AML patients over the age of 60 (aged AML; aAML) are unfit for intensive treatment and/or fail to achieve remission [3]. A key step in treatment selection is risk classification.
By Franck Rapaport, Jorge A. Gandara, B. Bishal Paudel, Susan DeWolf, Hao Fan, Tak Lee, Jad Othman, Caroline Sheridan, Ling Wang, Larry D. Cripe, Maria Kleppe, Martin Carroll, Christopher Mason, Gail J. Roboz, Zhuoxin Sun, Martin Tallman, Yanming Zhang, Elisabeth Paietta, Ross Levine, Ari M Melnick, Stefan Bekiranov, Francine E Garrett-Bakelman, Yaseswini Neelamraju, Nicholas Dunham, Marty W. Mayo, Katia Sol-Church, Michael Dimitri Solga
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Nature
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Why Warsh Won’t Be Remembered for Cutting Rates
This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. Distribution and use of this material are governed by our Subscriber Agreement and by copyright law. For non-personal use or to order multiple copies, please contact Dow Jones Reprints at 1-800-843-0008 or visit www.djreprints.com. The Federal Reserve rescued the insurance company American International Group, known as AIG, from collapse in 2008 by lending it up to $85 billion.
Why Warsh won't be remembered for cutting rates
Ross Levine Kevin Warsh hasn't even been confirmed by the Senate to become the next Federal Reserve chair, but economists and commentators are already speculating about what his tenure will look like and what stamp he will leave on the institution. Warsh's legacy won't be determined by whether he perfectly times the next rate change or how many times he cuts. Rather, it will be shaped by how he handles weakening financial market discipline and regulation.
Why Warsh Won’t Be Remembered for Cutting Rates
Kevin Warsh hasn’t even been confirmed by the Senate to become the next Federal Reserve chair, but economists and commentators are already speculating about what his tenure will look like and what stamp he will leave on the institution.
Why Warsh Won’t Be Remembered for Cutting Rates
The likely next chair of the Federal Reserve will be judged by his handling of broader market issues, Ross Levine writes in a guest commentary.
PURE-seq integrates FACS and PIP-seq for single-cell genomics of ultra-rare cells - Nature Communications
Abstract Single-cell transcriptomics is valuable for uncovering individual cell properties, particularly in heterogeneous systems. However, this technique often results in the reanalysis of many well-characterized cells, increasing costs and diluting rare cell populations. To address this, we develop PIP-seq for Rare-cell Enrichment and Sequencing (PURE-seq). PURE-seq allows direct FACS sorting of cells into PIP-seq reactions, minimizing handling and reducing cell loss.
From The Hand Of Adam Smith: A New Series
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Decision Time For The Federal Open Market Committee
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A new link in the leukemia genetic puzzle
Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA Corresponding author: leviner{at}mskcc.org Footnotes Article published online ahead of print. Article and publication date are online at http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gad.353189.125. Freely available online through the Genes & Development Open Access option.
Germline genetic variation impacts clonal hematopoiesis landscape and progression to malignancy - Nature Genetics
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Abstract With age, clonal expansions occur pervasively across normal tissues yet only in rare instances lead to cancer, despite being driven by well-established cancer drivers. Characterization of the factors that influence clonal progression is needed to inform interventional approaches. Germline genetic variation influences cancer risk and shapes tumor mutational profile, but its influence on the mutational landscape of normal tissues is not well known.
By Jie Liu, Duc Thanh Tran, Caroline Watson, Mesbah Uddin, Abhishek Niroula, Gabriel K. Griffin, Benjamin Ebert, Taralynn M. Mack, Yash Pershad, Brian Sharber, Michael Berger, Ahmet Zehir, Ross Levine, Elli Papaemmanuil, Vijai Joseph, Teng Gao, Yelena Kemel, Diana Mandelker, Konrad H. Stopsack, Yin Cao, Matthew Walter, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Lucy A. Godley, Daniel Link, Zsofia K. Stadler
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Nature
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Where Have All The Fiscal Conservatives Gone?
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Where have all the fiscal conservatives gone?
The House has sent a budget reconciliation package to the Senate that will add trillions to the national debt. Will the Senate’s purported fiscally conservative Republicans approve the bill? GOP leaders made balanced budgets a governing credo for a generation.
Opinion - Where have all the fiscal conservatives gone?
The House has sent a budget reconciliation package to the Senate that will add trillions to the national debt. Will the Senate’s purported fiscally conservative Republicans approve the bill? GOP leaders made balanced budgets a governing credo for a generation.
Opinion - Where have all the fiscal conservatives gone?
The House has sent a budget reconciliation package to the Senate that will add trillions to the national debt. Will the Senate’s purported fiscally conservative Republicans approve the bill? GOP leaders made balanced budgets a governing credo for a generation.
Trump’s Regulatory Fights Are Really About Democracy
About the authors: Ross Levine is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution and co-author of Guardians of Finance: Making Regulators Work for Us. Amit Seru is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution and the Steven and Roberta Denning professor of finance at the Stanford Graduate School of Business.
How Argentina And The United States Switched Places
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How Argentina and the United States switched places
How Argentina and the United States switched places (washingtonpost.com) How Argentina and the United States switched places By Ross Levine 2025052010300000 Call it the Great Reversal. The United States is drifting toward the interventionist policy mix behind Argentina's economic decline just as Argentina is embracing the free-market playbook that powered America's success.
Trump Attacks the Fed’s Powell. The Dollar’s Credibility Is on the Line.
About the authors: Ross Levine is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution and co-author of Guardians of Finance: Making Regulators Work for Us. Amit Seru is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution and the Steven and Roberta Denning professor of finance at the Stanford Graduate School of Business.
Molecular characterization of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia patients aged 60 years or older: a report from the Beat AML clinical trial - Blood Cancer Journal
Dear Editor, Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogenous malignancy of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that occurs primarily in older adults, with a median age of 69 years at diagnosis and around 60% of patients aged ≥ 60 years [1]. AML develops from the acquisition of somatic genomic alterations resulting in a clonal proliferation of undifferentiated immature precursors preventing normal hematopoiesis.
Transcriptional activation of regenerative hematopoiesis via microenvironmental sensing - Nature Immunology
Abstract Transition between activation and quiescence states in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is tightly governed by cell-intrinsic means and microenvironmental co-adaptation. Although this balance is fundamental for lifelong hematopoiesis and immunity, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly defined.
Is Inequality Growing in America?
To discuss inequality in America, Emmanuel Saez, director of the Stone Center on Wealth and Income Inequality at the University of California–Berkeley, joined Bruce Meyer, professor at the Harris School of Public Policy at the University of Chicago, alongside Senior Fellow Ross Levine, Hoover Prosperity Program contributor.
Trump Wants To Unleash The Banks. End The Bailout Culture First.
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Trump Wants to Unleash the Banks. End the Bailout Culture First.
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Multiomic profiling identifies predictors of survival in African American patients with acute myeloid leukemia - Nature Genetics
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Abstract Genomic profiles and prognostic biomarkers in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from ancestry-diverse populations are underexplored. We analyzed the exomes and transcriptomes of 100 patients with AML with genomically confirmed African ancestry (Black; Alliance) and compared their somatic mutation frequencies with those of 323 self-reported white patients with AML, 55% of whom had genomically confirmed European ancestry (white; BeatAML).
By Maarten WJ Fornerod, Deedra Nicolet, Benjamin Kelly, Krzysztof Mrózek, Jean F. Kloppers, Anne-Cecilia van Marle, Gregory Wheeler, Kate Quinn, Linde A. Miles, Alice Mims, Christopher Oakes, James Blachly, Karilyn T. Larkin, Andrew Carroll, Richard Stone, Craig Jordan, Kellie J. Archer, Ross Levine, Debyani Chakravarty, Michael Berger, Shannon K. McWeeney, Jeffrey W. Tyner, Nathan Salomonis, H. Leighton Grimes, Elaine R. Mardis, Bailee N. Kain, Omolegho Momoh
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Nature
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Inhibiting PI3Kγ in acute myeloid leukemia - Nature Cancer
The mainly hematologic expression profile of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-γ (PI3Kγ) makes it an attractive therapeutic target. Recent work from three independent groups shows that inhibiting PI3Kγ impairs the metabolism and growth of acute myeloid leukemia cells — a finding that justifies further mechanistic and clinical exploration.
CEO Compensation and Adverse Shocks: Evidence from Changes in Environmental Regulations
Skip to main content This work was supported by the research fund of Hanyang University. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Related
Mapping genotypes to chromatin accessibility profiles in single cells - Nature
Abstract In somatic tissue differentiation, chromatin accessibility changes govern priming and precursor commitment towards cellular fates1,2,3. Therefore, somatic mutations are likely to alter chromatin accessibility patterns, as they disrupt differentiation topologies leading to abnormal clonal outgrowth. However, defining the impact of somatic mutations on the epigenome in human samples is challenging due to admixed mutated and wild-type cells.
Competition, Stability, and Efficiency in the Banking Industry
This essay is based on the working paper “Competition, Stability, and Efficiency in the Banking Industry” by Dean Corbae and Ross Levine. How do government policies affect bank stability and efficiency? For example, do policies that make it easier for banks to compete with one another involve a tradeoff, with competition boosting bank efficiency but simultaneously encouraging banks to take excessive risks?
Mutation order in acute myeloid leukemia identifies uncommon patterns of evolution and illuminates phenotypic heterogeneity - Leukemia
Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has a poor prognosis and a heterogeneous mutation landscape. Although common mutations are well-studied, little research has characterized how the sequence of mutations relates to clinical features. Using published, single-cell DNA sequencing data from three institutions, we compared clonal evolution patterns in AML to patient characteristics, disease phenotype, and outcomes.
Prophylactic and long-lasting efficacy of senolytic CAR T cells against age-related metabolic dysfunction - Nature Aging
Abstract Senescent cells, which accumulate in organisms over time, contribute to age-related tissue decline. Genetic ablation of senescent cells can ameliorate various age-related pathologies, including metabolic dysfunction and decreased physical fitness. While small-molecule drugs that eliminate senescent cells (‘senolytics’) partially replicate these phenotypes, they require continuous administration.
FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibition modulates PRC2 and promotes differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia - Leukemia
Abstract Internal tandem duplication mutations in fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3-ITD) are recurrent in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and increase the risk of relapse. Clinical responses to FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3i) include myeloid differentiation of the FLT3-ITD clone in nearly half of patients through an unknown mechanism. We identified enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), as a mediator of this effect using a proteomic-based screen.
15 years after a giant leap for cancer genomics
NEWS AND VIEWS 27 November 2023 In 2008, the first comprehensive sequence of a cancer genome was reported, ushering in a new era of molecular diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic advances informed by an essential framework to understand cancer’s complexities. Efforts to understand the molecular underpinnings of cancer took a giant leap forward fifteen years ago, when Ley et al.1 reported the first complete genome of a cancer — specifically, acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).
Author Correction: Clonal hematopoiesis, aging and Alzheimer’s disease - Nature Medicine
Correction to: Nature Medicine https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02406-4, 4 July 2023. In the version of the article initially published, the Acknowledgements section did not mention that the article was also supported by a grant from the Edward P. Evans Foundation. This has been added in the HTML and PDF versions of the article. About this article Sánchez Vela, P., Trowbridge, J.J. & Levine, R.L. Author Correction: Clonal hematopoiesis, aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Nat Med (2023).
Enhanced clinical assessment of hematologic malignancies through routine paired tumor and normal sequencing - Nature Communications
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Abstract Genomic profiling of hematologic malignancies has augmented our understanding of variants that contribute to disease pathogenesis and supported development of prognostic models that inform disease management in the clinic. Tumor only sequencing assays are limited in their ability to identify definitive somatic variants, which can lead to ambiguity in clinical reporting and patient management.
By Mark D. Ewalt, Anita S. Bowman, Kseniya Petrova-Drus, Jamal Benhamida, Chad Vanderbilt, Ino de Bruijn, Venkatraman E. Seshan, Debyani Chakravarty, Jae Park, Omar Abdel-Wahab Verified, Wenbin Xiao, Connie Lee Batlevi, Gilles Salles, Raajit Rampal, Anas Younes, Ross Levine, Miguel-Angel Perales, Ahmet Dogan, Michael Berger, A. Rose Brannon, Ahmet Zehir, Jacklyn Casanova, Anoop Balakrishnan Rema
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Nature
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Social Capital and Mortgages
The results hold when conditioning on extensive household and community characteristics and a battery of fixed effects, including individual effects, data permitting, and when employing instrumental variables and propensity score matching to address identification and selection concerns. Concerning causal mechanisms, evidence suggests that social capital enhances lender screening and monitoring of borrowers and increases the social costs to borrowers of defaulting on their debts.
Deposit Supply and Bank Transparency
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The Legal Origins of Financial Development: Evidence from the Shanghai Concessions
Supporting Information Filename Description jofi13284-sup-0001-InternetAppendix.pdf1.1 MB Internet Appendix jofi13284-sup-0002-ReplicationCode.zip844 KB Replication Code
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