Xin Li
Verified
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Articles by Xin Li
Precision targeting of tumor-associated macrophages via a 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidine chimeric molecule for enhanced cancer immunotherapy
Abstract Small-molecule PI3Kγ inhibitors can reprogram immunosuppressive myeloid cells but are limited by rapid clearance, lack of cell-type selectivity, and systemic exposure to non-target tissues. Here, we extended a previously developed folate receptor (FR)-directed 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine ligand to the intracellular delivery of AS-252424.
Thromboxane A2 receptor signalling amplifies osteoclastogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis through ACSL1 associated mitochondrial oxidative metabolism
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Abstract Activated platelets contribute to inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, but how platelet-derived signals promote bone erosion remains poorly understood. Here we show that thromboxane A2, a major mediator released by activated platelets, promotes the formation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts through the thromboxane A2 receptor.
By Liyan Mei, Xin Li Verified, Siyuan Rao, Zifeng Chen, Chenguang Zhan, Xingrui Yan, Mengyang Ma, Peng Zhang, Yu Ho Wen, Xiang Guo, Meiqi Chen, Xiaodong Wu, Kaixin Gao, Haifang Du, Huimin Wang, He Baltimore Sun, Xiumin Chen, Boudewijn M. T. Burgering, Maojie Wang, Runyue Huang, Chunping Bo, Chuangning Li, Bozheng Chen, Junao Wang, Tingkai Zhong, Shuxu Wu
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Nature
Verified
Pulmonary nodules: classification, biomarkers, signaling pathways, diseases, early diagnosis and management
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Abstract Pulmonary nodules are increasingly detected by thoracic imaging and low-dose computed tomography-based lung cancer screening, but most are benign, transient, or indolent. Clinically, the key task is to distinguish nodules that require timely cancer-directed evaluation from those that can be safely observed.
By Zhuomiao Ye, Lijun Li, Minghui Zhang, Wei Su, Xin Li Verified, Mingyu Xiang, Yulong Yin, Mei Chun Liu, Mingzhu Yin, Shoaib Anwaar
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Nature
Verified
Multi-omics analysis identifies ANXA2-associated transcriptomic and splicing networks in osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis
Abstract Osteoporosis (OP), a prevalent metabolic bone disorder characterized by impaired osteoblast function, poses a major health burden worldwide. Annexin A2 (ANXA2), a multifunctional protein with RNA-binding activity, plays a role in OP progression by influencing osteoblast differentiation and apoptosis. However, as an RNA-binding protein (RBP), the genome-wide RNA targets and the molecular mechanisms by which ANXA2 governs osteoblast activity are largely unknown.
Bi-allelic EPHA2 mutations cause dysosteosclerosis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and enhancing osteoblastogenesis
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Abstract Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (EPH) receptors, the largest receptor tyrosine kinase family, have been shown to play a crucial role in normal physiological processes and pathologies. EPHA2, encoded by EPHA2 gene, a member of the EPH receptor family, has been implicated in cataracts and various bone tumors, including osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and bone metastases of breast cancer.
By Xi Chen, Xin Li Verified, Zenghui Gu, Qi Lu, Xinyu Qian, Ke Deng, Shanshan Li, Zhe Wei, Yang Xu, Wenzhen Fu, Hou-Feng Zheng, Weiwei Hu, Zhenlin Zhang, Yier Fan
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Nature
Verified
Development and preliminary validation of a machine learning model for forward head posture in university students
Abstract This cross-sectional study aimed to develop and preliminarily validate a machine learning model for preliminary forward head posture (FHP) screening and deploy the final model as an online tool. Among 825 university students, 625 comprised the development dataset (training set, n = 437; test set, n = 188), and 200 the exploratory external validation dataset. FHP was defined as a craniovertebral angle < 50°. Six machine learning models were compared through nested cross-validation.
The thermodynamic state map of biomolecular condensates
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Abstract Biomolecular condensates spatiotemporally regulate cellular biochemistry through liquid-liquid phase separation. In this Perspective, we refine the Condensate Code as a testable thermodynamic state map that integrates continuous cellular inputs, intrinsic molecular grammar and boundary conditions to govern measurable material states. Building on stickers-and-spacers and related grammar frameworks, we highlight a continuum from electrostatic coacervates to viscoelastic networks.
By Yaoyao Hou, Lingyun Jing, Kan Sun, Yufeng Chang, Jingyue Zhao, Xin Li Verified, Jinrong Min, Liang Wang
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Nature
Verified
Numerical analysis and parameter optimization of ultra-fine air-blast atomizers for rotating detonation engines
Abstract While air-blast atomizers have been extensively studied in conventional combustion systems, systematic investigations under RDE-relevant geometric configurations and parametric optimization of multiple coupled factors remain scarce. In a rotating detonation engine (RDE), liquid fuel must be injected, atomized, mixed with oxidizer, and then detonated within an extremely short residence time.
ADORA1 inhibition suppresses colon cancer development via hippo tumor suppressor pathway
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Abstract Coffee is one of the most commonly consumed beverages in daily life, with caffeine being the major psychoactive component that acts against fatigue and drowsiness. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the protective effect of coffee intake on colon cancer risk, recurrence and overall survival, but the detailed mechanisms are unclear.
By Zhongbo Li, Zhihao Liu, Xiaobo Zhang, Xiujie Cui, Xin Li Verified, jiayao Cui, Fangyu Shen, Yan Zhou, Pengzhao Song, Lin Ma, Hanxue Zhang, Haidi Hu, Ting Zhuang, Jian Zhu, Zhuocong Bao
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Nature
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Mechanisms of Transcriptional Regulation by Salicylic Acid Receptors
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Abstract Salicylic acid (SA) is a key phytohormone that activates plant defense responses 1-3. In Arabidopsis, NPR1 (also known as NIM1) and NPR3/NPR4 have been identified as dual SA receptors responsible for perceiving SA 4-6. However, the mechanisms of how SA binding to the NPR proteins leads to induction of defense gene expression remain unclear. Here, we elucidate how SA triggers transcriptional activation via NPR1 and relieves transcriptional repression mediated by NPR3/NPR4.
By Hainan Tian, Zhenhua Ming, Tongjun Sun, Jiuyang Yu, Mingsong Wu, Danyi Huang, Yihan Zhang, Zhenhui Zhong, Xin Li Verified, Yuelin Zhang, Yujun Peng
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Nature
Verified
Efficacies of three anti- Salmonella additives - bacteriophage, formaldehyde, and formic acid - within the animal food microbiota
Abstract Bacteriophage, formaldehyde, and formic acid are anti-Salmonella additives used in animal food but their effects on its microbiota are largely unknown. We applied 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics to measure animal food microbiota shifts following treatment with three commercial products: SalmoLyse (bacteriophage) in dry dog food, and Termin-8 (formaldehyde) and Amasil NA (formic acid) in poultry feed.
Symmetry-cooperative optical-field engineering for ultrabroadband bulk photovoltaic photodetection
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Abstract The bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) enables light-to-electricity conversion without external bias, but its practical reach is constrained by the rapid collapse of photoresponse at low photon energies. Here we show that this limitation can be overcome through cross-scale symmetry cooperation between chiral tellurium nanowires and an asymmetric plasmonic microstructure.
By Xin Li Verified, Rongsheng Chen, Fengyi Zhu, Changyi Pan, Shian Mi, Xuhao Fan, Haibiao Guan, Weiwei Tang, Lin Wang, Haibo Shu, Min Hu, Changlong Liu, Xiaoshuang Chen, Guanhai Li
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Nature
Verified
Structural basis of β-arrestin coupling and transducer selectivity in PAC1R
Abstract The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor (PAC1R) is a class B G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) that engages both G proteins and β-arrestins to mediate diverse signaling responses, yet how PAC1R adopts distinct intracellular conformations to achieve this transducer selectivity remains poorly understood. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of PAC1R in complex with β-arrestin 1 (βarr1), revealing a core-engaged conformation.
A two-stage efficient fine-tuning framework for vertical domain text embedding
Abstract Text embedding in vertical industrial domains provides a critical foundation for professional information retrieval, semantic matching, and intelligent decision-making. However, general-purpose embedding models often fail to meet the demands of complex industrial applications because they lack effective modeling of domain knowledge and fine-grained semantic distinctions. To address this limitation, we propose a two-stage efficient fine-tuning framework for vertical-domain text embedding.
Context-dependent walkability: built-environment associations and nonlinear contributions to pedestrian space quality–walking behavior mismatch in Xi’an, China
Abstract In the context of urban regeneration, substantial investments in pedestrian space quality (PSQ) do not always translate into corresponding gains in walking behavior (WB). Existing studies often assume a linear PSQ–WB relationship, which cannot capture nonlinear associations and contribution patterns observed in practice.
Organoid intelligence: a promising paradigm for autism spectrum disorder research
Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental condition marked by heterogeneity in its clinical presentations, which complicates both its diagnosis and treatment. Despite advancements, the molecular mechanisms underlying ASD remain largely unclear. In recent years, two independent yet highly promising technological domains have made significant advancements: organoids and artificial intelligence (AI).
Structural Basis of Shiga Toxin Neutralization by Human Antibodies Targeting Canonical Receptor-Binding and Non-Canonical Assembly Sites
1 Introduction Shiga toxin (Stx) is a potent ribosome-inactivating exotoxin produced by pathogenic Shigella species and multiple pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, functioning to potently inhibit host cellular protein synthesis [1]. Since the discovery of the dysentery bacillus by Kiyoshi Shiga in 1898, Stx has been recognized as the pivotal etiological driver of diarrhea and dysentery [2, 3]. Pathogenic E. coli strains capable of producing Stx are classified as Shiga toxin-producing E.
Effects of particle gradation and vibration intensity on the pore water pressure response of sandy mine waste*
Abstract Rainfall infiltration and heavy mine-truck traffic can promote pore-pressure build-up and reduce waste-dump stability. Shaking-table tests of four river-sand/quartz-sand mixtures examined the effects of gradation and vibration intensity on the pore water pressure response of sandy mine waste specimens prepared by underwater deposition. Coupled SEEP/W-QUAKE/W-SLOPE/W analyses evaluated engineering-scale response, and SLOPE/W calculated factors of safety using the Morgenstern-Price method.
NR2F6 enhances glioma invasion and migration through upregulation of COL1A1 and activation of integrin signaling
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Abstract Glioma represents the most aggressive form of intracranial malignant tumor, characterized by a poor prognosis in affected patients. Nuclear receptor NR2F6 has been implicated as an oncogenic factor in various cancers; however, its specific role and underlying mechanisms in glioma invasion and migration remain poorly understood.
By Pengfei Xue, Bo Wang, Zhen Tian, Weidong Liu, Xin Li Verified, Rongrong Li, Zhen Li, Juan Zheng, Qiang Huang
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Nature
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High-altitude Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AL4510 alleviates superovulation-induced premature ovarian failure via the gut-ovary axis
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Abstract Premature ovarian failure (POF) is characterized by early loss of ovarian function and is closely associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine dysregulation. This study investigated whether Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AL4510, a high-altitude probiotic isolated from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, could alleviate POF through the gut-ovary axis.
By Miao Pang, Xueni Fan, Xin Li Verified, Haiqing Sun, Yan Feng, Di Xin, Zhenjiang Liu, Xiaodan Huang, Dongxu Wen
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Nature
Verified
Spin-based in-sensor computing magnetic tactile sensor for rapid identification of underwater targets
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Abstract Reliable underwater tactile sensing technology can promote the effective exploitation of marine resources, which is of significant importance for sustainable human development. Such technology typically requires a combination of waterproofing, intelligence, and high efficiency. Herein, we leverage the in-sensor computing (ISC) neuromorphic device architecture as an innovative platform to construct a diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center-based wireless magnetic tactile sensor (ISC-NVTS).
By Wei Gao, Yue Qin, Ting Feng, Zhiqiang Xiang, Yunbo Shi, Xin Li Verified, Huanfei Wen, Zhonghao Li, Zongmin Ma, Hao Guo, Jun Tang, Jun Liu, Jinyu Tai, Shuchen Song
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Nature
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A unified and desymmetric approach to axially chiral atropisomers
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Abstract Given the widespread applications of axially chiral atropisomers, the development of catalytic asymmetric transformations toward their preparation has been an important goal in organic synthesis and is under intensive investigation.
By Dan Hu, Yu Huang, Wenxuan Lin, Tao Zhang, Penghui Li, Zihao Jiao, Linghui Qian, Yu Lan, Xin Li Verified, Jia-Yu Liao
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Nature
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GaitIntent: A Kinematic Dataset Focusing on Steady-State to Transitional Locomotion for Lower-Limb Motion Rehabilitation
Abstract Motion intent recognition (MIR), the real-time interpretation of user movement, is crucial for advanced motion rehabilitation. MIR enables responsive control of prostheses and exoskeletons, enhancing mobility for lower-limb impaired individuals. Most existing datasets prioritize steady-state locomotion, often overlooking complex transitional movements critical in daily activities, which limits anticipatory control development. We introduce GaitIntent, a novel kinematic dataset.
Net-negative carbon valorization in wastewater treatment via sequential thermochemical-electrochemical coupling
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Abstract Wastewater treatment plants simultaneously emit greenhouse gases and rely on external carbon sources, presenting both a challenge and an opportunity for carbon circularity. We develop a comprehensive life-cycle assessment of 32 Waste-to-Chemical pathways that integrate thermochemical and electrochemical conversions in sequential or parallel architectures to convert CH4 and CO2 into reusable carbon sources for in-plant utilization.
By Xiangyu Zheng, Menglan Xiao, Jianming Zhu, Xin Li Verified, Jundong Wang, Pan Zhu, Meiping Tong, Zishuai Zhang
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Nature
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Need-responsive accessibility supports equitable sustainable development and reshapes migration as evolving human needs
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Abstract Realizing the Sustainable Development Goals’ commitment to “leave no one behind” requires accessibility that responds to evolving human needs, yet prevailing accessibility assessments remain static and sector-specific, overlooking hierarchical need evolution and behavioral feedback.
By Ting Zhou, Chunlin Huang, Fanglei Zhong, Xiaoyu Song, Jinliang Hou, Ying Zhang, Xin Li Verified, Huadong Guo
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Nature
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Data-driven phenotypic clustering of sleep-disordered breathing and long-term cardiovascular risk
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Abstract Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has heterogeneous cardiovascular risks that are not fully captured by the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). We aimed to determine whether data-driven sleep–cardiometabolic phenotypes identify long-term cardiovascular risk and support phenotype-based risk stratification. We analyzed 5682 adults from the Sleep Heart Health Study baseline cohort enrolled in 1995-1998 (mean [SD] age, 63.2 [11.2] years; 52.7% female).
By Zhihua Huang, Jingjing Xiang, Zhihui Zhao, Qing Zhao, Qi Wang, Anqi Duan, Luyang Gao, Xin Li Verified, Yijia Wang, Sicong Li, Huiyi Liu, Changming Xiong, Tao Yang, Qixian Zeng, Zhihong Liu, Qin Luo, Chenhong An
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Nature
Verified
A Binary Cathode Interlayer Coupling Dipole Regulation and Molecular Orientation Enables 20.1%-Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Supporting Information Filename Description smll75084-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx5.8 MB Supporting File: smll75084-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx.
Evaluation of public transportation network equity in low-density areas: a case of Lanzhou
Abstract With the increasing urban-rural differences in China, rural public transportation systems in low-density areas face distinctive challenges, including dispersed population, complex topography, and uneven public-service allocation. Taking the rural areas surrounding Lanzhou as a case study, this research applies network-topology analysis to examine the connectivity and structural characteristics of the public transportation network.
Type I collagen alleviates t BHP-induced senescence in murine hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells through an F-actin/ferroptosis pathway
ABSTRACT Purpose Neuronal senescence contributes to several age-related neurodegenerative diseases occurring with aging. Meanwhile, aging of our bodies is accompanied by the systemic dysregulation of type I collagen, the major component in the extracellular matrix. This study investigates whether type I collagen plays a protective role in neuronal senescence.
A potassium-based single-atom catalyst enables acute lung injury immunotherapy in mice by inhibiting macrophage pyroptosis
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Abstract Acute lung injury (ALI), which can have a mortality rate approaching 40%, lacks effective therapies. Macrophage pyroptosis represents a pro-inflammatory event and a potential therapeutic target. Here, we report a single-atom immunomodulator, a potassium-based single-atom catalyst (K-SAC) with K–N4 sites, that suppresses macrophage pyroptosis for ALI therapy through antioxidant catalysis.
By Xiangyu Lu, Xuan Shi, Yanmin Jian, Cai Sun, Lijie Mao, Si Chen, Fang Huang, Ji Lu, Zhiyi Song, Xin Li Verified, Yongjun Chen, Ke Li, Xin Lv, Jianlin Shi, Yuanru Zhao, Guanning Liu
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Nature
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STK40 inhibits profibrotic Arg1 + macrophage differentiation and renal fibrosis by regulating poly-ubiquitination of STAT3
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Abstract Monocyte-derived macrophages are central drivers of chronic renal inflammation and fibrosis, yet the regulatory mechanisms that restrain their profibrotic differentiation remain poorly defined. Here, we identified serine/threonine kinase 40 (STK40) as a suppressor of profibrotic macrophage differentiation and renal fibrosis progression. Myeloid-specific Stk40 deletion exacerbated renal fibrosis in multiple mouse models.
By Jun Ni, Jia Li, Jia-min Liu, Xin Li Verified, Xi-Yu Liu, Zhe Ji, Hui-Yao Lan, Dan-Dan Zhang, Si-ying Sun, Zhen-yan Jiang, Yue-xiao Tao, Hui-zi Wang, Ge-ge He, Xue-zhu Li, Xue-feng Wu
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Nature
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Non-enzymatic hepatic ABHD6 interacts with Akt-FoxO1 axis to regulate metabolic health
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Abstract The enzymatic role of ABHD6 in insulin secretion and resistance is well documented. However, its non-enzymatic function, especially its effects on metabolic health, including selective hepatic insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is poorly understood.
By Guannan Li, Laurence T. Maeyens, Jiyuan Yin, Jan-Bernd Funcke, Chanmin Joung, Ruizhen Li, Ziying Xu, Ting Wu, Xin Li Verified, Nisi Jiang, Maria Lopez, María Lopez Verified, María López Verified, Pengju Cao, Sijia He, Adam Salmon, S. R. Murthy Madiraju, Marc Prentki, Juli Bai, James Nelson, Xianlin Han, Yi Zhu, Shangang Zhao, Mbolle Ekane
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Nature
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A self-training framework using pre-trained language models to detect and classify technology adoption in protest event analysis
Abstract This paper presents a self-training computational framework that extends protest event analysis (PEA) beyond extracting event characteristics to capturing the contextual granularity of protest. Using the adoption of digital technology as an illustrative case, we show how specific subdimensions of protest can be systematically detected from large-scale news data.
CELF2 promotes 4R Tau splicing via nuclear clustering and drives cognitive dysfunction in tauopathy models
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Abstract Alternative splicing is a fundamental mechanism underlying protein diversity. The microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) undergoes age-associated alternative splicing of exon 10 to generate 3 R and 4 R isoforms, and disruption of the 4 R:3 R ratio is a central feature of tauopathies. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating tau exon 10 splicing remain incompletely understood.
By Xin Li Verified, Ishana Syed, Rashmi Adhikari, Jing Jiang, Yu Zhang, Dan Tang, Su-Hyuk Ko, Zhao Zhang, Zhijie Liu, Lizhen Chen
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Nature
Verified
Watch the interfacial gap
Transistors mainly consist of semiconducting channels, gate electrodes, gate dielectrics, and source and drain contacts. 2D materials provide channel lengths of a few nanometres, which require gate dielectrics with high permittivity (or high dielectric constant κ) and appropriate band offsets to minimize leakage current. However, in this setting, the interfacial vdW gap cannot be overlooked.
High-resolution chromatin mapping reveals that CTCF anchors meiotic loops to the chromosome axis
Abstract When precursor germ cells enter meiosis, chromosomes condense into an array of chromatin loops. Using Hi-C and Micro-C, we explored the trajectory of chromatin reorganization from mouse spermatogonia to spermatocytes at the highest temporal and spatial resolution to date. We show that meiotic chromatin reorganization, characterized by a shift from mitotic-to-meiotic cohesins, precedes the traditionally defined meiotic entry point (meiotic G1/S-phase).
Identification and validation of an explainable screening model of college students’ mental health with therapeutic strategy implications
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Abstract Mental health issues, especially depressive symptoms, among young adults represent a public health challenge. Conventional psychological assessment tools have limited sensitivity and specificity for identifying individuals at risk. This study aims to develop an explainable machine learning-based model to stratify concurrent depression risk in young adults.
By Ke Liu, Zhe Li, Xin Li Verified, Zi-Chun Guan, Xiang-Yang Zhang, Yu-Yu Zhao, Dong-Hua Tian, Su-Xia Li
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Nature
Verified
How multimodal cues shape tourist engagement in platform-mediated travel videos
ABSTRACT This study examines how multimodal cues embedded in travel videos relate to tourist engagement in a platform-mediated environment. The analysis is based on a dataset of 1,215 YouTube travel videos published from August 2013 through February 2025, and examines how textual signals and visual emotional cues conveyed through thumbnails relate to user engagement behavior.
Orthogonal assembly of hetero-porous structures by reversible adaptation for efficient isomeric separation
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Abstract Isomers separation is a challenging but crucial process in biological and chemical processes. Mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) combining selective adsorbents within the polymer matrix have the potential for separating isomeric mixtures. However, the limited compatibility is a significant problem for efficient separation with appropriate permeability and selectivity.
By Qi Mou, Xin Li Verified, Tianyi Zheng, Jiahao Wang, Yaxin Shang, Yongri Liang, Hulin Tai, Long Jin, Yi Zhang, Zhegang Huang, Myongsoo Lee, Changpin Chen
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Nature
Verified
One-step etch and peel
MAX phase precursors are reacted with a DES at 600 °C, and then acid washed to obtain few-layer MXenes. During this process, the DES serves as both the etchant and the delaminating agent. Specially, CoCl2 in the fluidic DES reacts with Al atoms, while ChCl molecules migrate into the resulting Al vacancy sites between the MXene interlayers via interactions with CoCl2·6H2O (pictured).
AI in predicting the macrotrabecular-massive subtype of HCC and informing treatment selection: a multi-center and prospective validation study
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Abstract The macrotrabecular-massive (MTM) subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with aggressive biology and poor prognosis. We aimed to develop a CT-based artificial intelligence model (DeepCT-MTM) for the noninvasive prediction of MTM-HCC and investigate its prognostic utilities as well as biological underpinnings. A total of 3118 patients with HCC were included from 20 tertiary-care hospitals.
By Ran Wei, Hanyu Jiang, Mengxuan Zuo, Xuelei He, Fei Cao, Shaolong Li, Wang Li, Wendao Liu, Chengzhi Li, Xin Li Verified, Jianjun Han, Dong Yan, Weiling He, Feng Duan, Xinya Zhao
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Nature
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Transient Thermal Engineering of Pt@rGO Nanocatalysts via Oxygen Anchoring and Chlorine Coordination for Efficient Hydrogen Generation
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Supporting Information Filename Description smll74462-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx45.7 MB Supporting File: smll74462-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx.
Sensitive infrared photodetection enabled by in-sensor background-offset cancellation in a mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure
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Abstract Room-temperature infrared photodetection has long been constrained by broadband thermal radiation, which injects background photons and drives detectors toward a background-limited regime. Beyond stochastic photon fluctuations, this radiation produces a deterministic mean photocurrent offset that can overwhelm weak signals under ambient conditions.
By Xin Li Verified, Jian Wang, Jintao Fu, Xingsi Liu, Feilong Yu, Jin Chen, Yu Zhao, Jie Wang, Jiaoyang Guo, Yuxing Song, Jiaji Yang, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Guanhai Li, Xiaoshuang Chen, Wei Lu
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Nature
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Preparation and application of sweet flavorings using green tea powder via Maillard reaction
Abstract To develop a novel sweet flavor, enzymatic hydrolysate of baking green tea powder was used as the base material. The optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were determined through single-factor and orthogonal experiments. After enzymatic hydrolysis, montmorillonite was employed to remove caffeine, yielding a Maillard reaction substrate. Exogenous sugars and amino acids were then added for the Maillard reaction, and volatile components of the reaction products were analyzed by GC-MS.
Ancient plume-reinforced lithosphere modulates present-day crustal fluid migration and deformation
Abstract Understanding how ancient mantle plume residues modify lithospheric structure and influence tectonic deformation remains challenging, especially in plume-peripheral regions where basalts are not exposed at the surface. Here, we present magnetotelluric imaging across the Huayingshan Fault in the outer zone of the Permian Emeishan large igneous province, China.
Pyruvate leaves its mark on chromatin
Lysine pyruvylation, a newly discovered histone modification installed by HAT1 and p300 and removed by SIRT3, connects the glycolytic metabolite pyruvate to transcriptional regulation, shedding light on metabolism–epigenetics crosstalk.
High-Precision Annular Beam Spot Energy Distribution Model and Beam Spot Optimization
Abstract The stable supply of medical radioisotopes is crucial for national health and medical security. Accelerator-driven production represents a pivotal approach to addressing the current shortage in medical isotope supply. A key technical challenge in this process is the effective management of the extremely high power density generated when the beam bombards the target material. This challenge must be addressed to prevent local overheating and potential target melt-through.
Vegetation browning patterns under compound soil and atmospheric dryness in northern permafrost ecosystems
Abstract Significant changes in vegetation greenness and browning have been observed across the northern permafrost zone, with important implications for ecosystem functioning and carbon uptake. While recent research has improved our understanding of the drivers of greening, the processes behind browning – especially the low-stature shrubs and herbaceous vegetation, which is more directly exposed to soil and atmospheric moisture deficits – remain less clear.
Recyclable glass fiber-reinforced epoxy copper clad laminates for printed circuit board
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Abstract Epoxy-based copper-clad laminates (CCLs) comprise >60% of the rigid CCL market, yet such CCLs are rarely recyclable at present. This paper describes the first industrialization of recyclable epoxy systems prepared with acetal-functionalized methylenebis(oxy)dianilines (MDAs) degradable curing agents, which make the corresponding CCLs recyclable and reuseable. We systematically studied the curing behaviors as well as the thermal and mechanical properties of these recyclable epoxy systems.
By Wei Lin, Yanping Zhou, Bing Qin, Xin Li Verified, Zhongqiang Yang, Yueqi Mo, Guoxin Du, Jinrong Ye
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Nature
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Do corporate bond offering and listing comment letters increase the cost of equity capital?
Abstract This study investigates whether comment letters on corporate bond offering and listing affect firms’ cost of equity. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms, we find that both the receipt of comment letters and the intensity of comment letter review increase the cost of equity capital. Further textual analyses reveal positive relations between comments on certain topics and the cost of equity.
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